158 



Lewin (G. F.). The fruit-fly. — Agric. Gaz. N. S. W., Sydney, xxv, 

 pt. 12, December 1914, p. 1089. 



Dacus tryoni (the Queensland fruit-fly) is very susceptible to changes 

 in temperature ; it has attacked loquats as early as November, though 

 in other years it has not appeared until February ; unusual cold in 

 winter does not affect this fly, but excessive rain from May to Sep- 

 tember destroys large numbers, especially if the ground is muddy. 

 The last brood of maggots in the autumn hibernate in the soil, and as 

 many are destroyed there, the first brood in spring is small, each 

 successive brood becoming more numerous. Small, flat vessels of 

 kerosene placed on the sunny side of the tree will catch a few flies, 

 but the only rehable method is the destruction of the affected fruits, 

 immersing in water being preferable to either burning or burying ; six 

 or eight hours under water will destroy every maggot. In 1913, the 

 writer destroyed the larvae in water and then fed cattle with the fruit, 

 which seemed to increase their milk supply. 



Allen (W. T.). Orchard ^otes.— Agric. Gaz. N. S. W., Sydney, xxv, 

 pt. 12, December 19U, pp. 1098-1109. 



Spraying is necessary in this State against the codling moth, scale- 

 insects and other pests, late varieties requiring four applications to 

 secure satisfactory results. For scale-insects, either fumigate or spray 

 with resin soda wash ; never fumigate during the heat of the day, 

 nor soon after the trees have been sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. 

 For fruit-fly, all fallen fruit should be collected and destroyed by burn- 

 ing or boiling ; kerosene traps are advised, shallow tins hung on the 

 sunny side of the trees, being preferable to deep ones. Cherry, pear 

 and other trees affected with pear slug [Eriocamjjoides litnacina] should 

 be sprayed with lead arsenate. Vine moth [Polychrosis botrana] has 

 been common ; spraying with lead arsenate of the strength prescribed 

 by the codhng moth regulations, will be found a satisfactory measure 

 against it. 



Boucher (W. A.). The Orchard. — Jl. Agric., Wellington, N. Z., ix, 

 no. 6, December 1914, pp. 493-494. 



As a remedy for mussel scale (Lepidosaphes sp.), red-oil emulsion 

 in the proportion 1 to 60 has been used to advantage. Where the 

 woolly aphis [Schizoneura lanigera] is reappearing, the isolated colonies 

 should be painted with undiluted, red-oil emulsion. The best treat- 

 ment for codhng moth [Cydia pomonella] is to begin spraying with lead 

 arserate just after the petals have fallen, repeating this at fortnightly 

 intervals, weather permitting, till the end of February. Lead arsenate 

 is useful for all chewing insects, hence this persistent spraying will also 

 destroy any bronze beetle and leaf-rolhng caterpillars that may 

 be present. In mixing lead arsenate, the substance should be placed 

 at the bottom of the vessel and the water added gradually, in small 

 quantities. In preparing Bordeaux mixture, the hme should be slaked 

 as gradually as possible. 



