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Washburn (F. L.). Useful Birds found in Minnesota.— Fifteenth 

 Rept. Minnesota State Entom., 1913 and 1914, St. Anthony Park, 

 1st December 1914, pp. 1-19, 3 plates. 



This paper gives a short account of the habits of 21 insectivorous 

 Minnesota birds, each being illustrated by a coloured figure. 



Washburn (F. L.). Report on Inspection of Minnesota Nurseries and 

 of Imported Nursery Stock and Ornamentals, 1913-1914!.— Fifteenth 

 Rept. Minnesota State Entom., 1913 and 1914, St. Anthony Park, 

 1st December 1914, pp. 20-51, 2 plates.* 



After outlining the inspection work of 1913, it is reported that the 

 most abundant and injurious insects were Empoasca mali (apple leaf- 

 hopper), Melasoma scrip>ta (striped poplar beetle), and the apple 

 aphis. A. J. Spangler reports large blocks of apple trees being severely 

 checked in their growth by the first-named pest. The increasing 

 acreage devoted to the growth of poplar and willow cuttings has appar- 

 ently had a similar effect on the numbers and severity of attack of 

 M. scripta, this insect being present in every nursery growing its host 

 plants. It is a voracious feeder, and if the trees are not sprayed upon 

 its first appearance, becomes hard to control. 



A hst of the nurseries inspected in 1913 is given. In 1913, a new 

 nursery and orchard inspection law was passed, making inspection 

 compulsory, estabUshing a fee of $5.00 for each certificate granted, 

 and articulating with the provisions of the new Federal quarantine 

 laws. A copy of the State law (approved 8th April 1913) is appended, 

 and several problems connected therewith discussed. 



Woolly aphis of the apple \Schizoneura lanigera] and oyster-shell 

 scale [Lepidosaphes idmi] are apparently on the increase in Minnesota, 

 but one insect not frequently observed, though presumably more 

 abundant in old orchards than the public is generally aware of, is the 

 San Jose scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus]. A fruit tree may be badly 

 infested with oyster-shell scale and still survive, but it generally 

 succumbs to the attack of one-fourth or one-half as many San Jose 

 scales. This much-dreaded insect has been found by the inspection 

 force three times in Minnesota nurseries, twice upon stock in two 

 different nurseries shortly after importation from Pennsylvania, and 

 in the 1914 inspection upon mountain ash received from Michigan a 

 few years previously. The female scales upon these latter trees had 

 matured and given birth to young which had infested an adjoining 

 block of young apples. Young scales were found crawhng about 

 amongst the parent scales upon the apple and ash trees as late as 

 the latter part of August. These mature scales must have hved in 

 Minnesota at least two winters, and experimentally, San Jose scales 

 have been kept ahve out-of-doors on plum and apple for two succeeding 

 winters. It is apparent, therefore, that this scale will endure the 

 Minnesota chmate long enough to do considerable damage. 



The inspection work of 1914 is outlined, and abstracts of inspection 

 laws in the individual States and Canada conclude this report. 



* Also published as Circular no. 31 of the State Entotnologist's Office, 

 November 1914. 



