171 



cracks and holes in the bark. They may be destroyed by filUng up 

 the holes with the following preparation — Black soap composition : — 

 Rainwater, 1 litre ; black soap, 350 grammes ; and sulphoricinate 

 of soda, 50 grammes. This mixture is applied with a brush. Finally, 

 in order to destroy the aphids in their last refuge, the roots, to which 

 the females migrate after oviposition, the following operation is per- 

 formed : A basin-shaped hole is dug at the foot of each tree, so as to 

 uncover the aphids on the roots, which are then sprayed with either 

 of the two solutions. After all the insects have perished, the hole 

 may be filled in. M. Duval states that by faithfully following these 

 directions, orchards may be freed from the pest and it may even be 

 possible to contemplate the destruction of the species if the measures 

 here recommended were universally adopted. 



DeRosa (A.). Phloeotribus scarabaeoides and Hylesinus oleiperda, beetle 

 pests of Olives in the Arezzo District.— 7Z Coltivatore, Casale 

 Monferrato, k, no. 28, pp. 301-305, 3 figs. 



Control measures are given for the Scolytids, Phloeotribus scara- 

 baeoides, Bern. (P. oleae, F.) and Hylesinus oleiperda, F., which cause 

 considerable damage around Arezzo by mining the olive branches 

 [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 99.] 



Back (E. A.). The Mediterranean Fruit Fly in Bermuda. — TJ. S. Dept. 

 Agric, Washington, D.C., Bull. no. 161, 18th December 1914, 8 pp. 



Investigations into the life-history of Ceratiiis capitata, Wied., and 

 the possibility of eradicating it from Bermuda, are here detailed. For 

 nearly 50 years the peach industry in Bermuda has been ruined by 

 this pest, which to-day is generally distributed over the islands. The 

 life-history of the fly is given, including data substantiating the author's 

 behef that the life-cycle in Bermuda ranges from two to three months. 

 To the fist of host fruits of C. capitata already given [see this Revieiv, 

 Ser. A, "i, p. 164]. the ball kamani {Calophyllum inophyUum) and the 

 prickly pear {Opuntia sp.) are added ; the principal fruits supporting 

 C. capitata were found to be : the loquat or Malta plum {Eriobotrya 

 japonica) which ripens during January, February and Slarch ; peaches, 

 which ripen from late March to early July ; Surinam cherries {Eugenia 

 micheli), of which the first crop ripens in May, and the second during 

 the summer and autumn. The author believes that clean cultural 

 methods, drastically applied, would exterminate C. capitata in Bermuda 

 \\athin three years, if the work were carried out continuously, instead 

 of intermittently, as has hitherto been the case. The extermination 

 of the pest would be decidedly to the advantage of both Bermuda and 

 the United States. 



I. N. KTj ypomaw nOflCOJlHeHHMKa. [On the harvest of sunflower- 

 seeds.] — «Cafl"b, OropoA"b M BaX4a.» [Orchard, Market-Garden 

 and Bachza], Aslrachan, no. 9, September 1914, pp. 585-586. 

 [Received 15th February 1915.] 



The caterpillars of Homoeosoma nebidella have done considerable 

 damage to sunflower seed in some places of the district of Zarev 

 (government of Astrachan). The greatest damage was done to the 



{CU4) b2 



