173 



caterpillars of Hyponomeuta padi, Zell. The trees were covered 

 with webs, and the number of caterpillars was so great that the 

 foHage appeared black. The inhabitants did nothing to rid the 

 trees of the pest and by June 17th the whole district was swarming 

 with the moths. 



SiLVBSTRi (F,). Viaggio in Eritrea per cercare parassiti della mosca delle 

 olive. [Journey in Eritrea in search of olive-fly parasites.] — Boll. 

 Lab. Zool. Agrar. R. Scuola Sup. Agric, Porlici, ix, 12th December 

 1914, pp. 186-226, 24 figs. 



In August 1914, the Itahan Ministry of Agriculture sent the author 

 to Eritrea in order to collect, for immediate importation into Italy, 

 parasites of Dacus oleae (the ohve fly). In August and September, 

 14 species were secured, including : 13raconidae — Opius africaniis, 

 Szepl., var. orientalis, Silv. ; 0. dacicida, Silv. ; SigalpJms daci, 

 Silv. ; and Bracon celer, Szepl. Chalcididae — Eupelmiis afer, Silv. ; 

 Halticoptera daci, Silv. ; Eutelus modeslus, Silv. ; Atoposoma variega- 

 tum var. afra, Silv. ; Achrysocharis formosa var. erythraea, Silv. ; 

 Teleopterus notandus, Silv. ; Metriocharis viridis, Say ; Metriocharis 

 atrocyanea, Silv. ; Alomphals cavasolae, Silv. ; and Tetrastichus 

 maculifer, Silv. These species are described and biological notes of 

 them are given. As regards their economic value in Italy, only an 

 approximate estimate can be made, based on the conditions observed 

 in various localities in Eritrea. At Nefasit, very few olive trees had 

 ripe or ripening fruit in the months of August and September and the 

 olive fly had infested practically all the few fruit available, but at least 

 90 per cent, of the larvae were parasitised. Ohves were plentiful at 

 Dedda and few of the fruit were infested ; a proportion of the larvae 

 were parasitised. These observations show that the fly is subject to 

 natural control in Eritrea and that insects are an important factor. 



Cochenilles dangereuses. [Dangerous Coccids] — Rev. Hortic. de I 'AlgSrie, 

 Algiers, xviii, nos. 7-12, July-December 1914, p. 245. 



Pulvinaria psidii is reported on Schinus terehinthi folia in Algeria. 



Traitement des citronniers. [Treatment of lemon trees.] — Bidl. de 

 V Union des Agricidteurs d'Egypte, Cairo, xii, no. 109, November, 

 December 1914, pp. 269-270. 



The Egyptian Minister of Agriculture has issued a circular. No. 60, 

 indicating the measures to be taken against the " ver du citronnier." 

 Infestation is mostly due to insects left on dead twigs and fallen fruit, 

 and is facilitated by the branches growing near the ground. All low- 

 growing branches should be lopped off, leaving the stem bare up to a 

 height of two feet. A mixture of lime, salt, and sulphur, prepared as 

 directed in circular No. 44,* is then painted on and forms a complete 

 protection. The ground around the trees should be kept free of all 

 dead leaves and fallen fruit. Infestation spreads rapidly when the 

 branches of different trees are interlaced. At least one metre (39 

 inches) of space should be allowed between the branches of a given 

 tree and those of its neighbour. The grove may have to be thinned 

 to attain this object, but it will result in better crops. 



* The circular has not been received by this Bureau. — Ed. 



