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emerge as beetles the following spring. Clean culture is an efficient aid 

 to control ; many washes are valuable as deterrent agents, but cannot 

 control larvae already in the trunk ; soft soap thinned to the 

 consistency of a thick paint by the addition of strong washing soda 

 solution, to 10 U.S. gals, of which 1 pint of crude carbolic acid is added, 

 is advised. Trees already affected by the larvae may be treated during 

 autumn and early spring by means of a knife and a pointed wire. 

 Ithycerus novahoracensis, Forst., (the New York weevil) attacks 

 especially young nursery stock ; hand-picking and jarring have been 

 practised, and lead arsenate sprays are advised. Oberea oculata, 

 Hald., (eye-spotted apple-twig borer), occurs inside apple twigs and 

 can only be controlled by cutting and burning the wilted twigs. 

 Against Hyphantria cunea, Dru. (fall webworm), Malacosoma anieri- 

 cana, ¥., (apple-tree tent caterpillar) and M. disstria, Hb., spraying 

 with lead arsenate and the mechanical destruction of the nests are 

 useful. Other apple pests noted during the year were : Lygus pratensis, 

 L., (tarnished plant bug) Ceresa bubalus, F., (buffalo bug), Brachymena 

 i-pustulata, F., (four-spotted tree bug), Oncideres ciyigidata. Say, (twig- 

 girdler), Elaphidmi villosum, F., (twig-pruner), Mineola indiginella, 

 ZelL, (leaf-roller), Canarsia hammondi, Riley, (leaf-skeletonizer), and 

 Tischeria maUfoliella, Clemens (trumpet leaf -miner). 



Among insects attacking pears, Eriocamjwides limacina, Retz., 

 (pear slug) generally has two, sometimes three broods a year ; spray- 

 ing with arsenate of lead (paste) at 2 lb. per 50 gals, water is recom- 

 mended. The other pear pests are largely those which infest apple. 



Insects attacking peaches include Conotrachelus nenuphar (the plum 

 curculio), which is also a general orchard pest. Careful spraying in 

 four plots has given the following percentages free from curculio 

 punctures, 97*5, 96'5, 96-2, and 97"6. Check plots unsprayed showed 

 percentages of 48" 7 and 5r3. Spraying with arsenate of lead paste 

 is advised. The first spraying should be done when the husks are 

 nearly all shed, with the following mixture : Arsenate of lead paste, 

 3 lb. ; lime, 3 lb. ; water, 100 U.S. gals. ; or self -boiled lime-sulphur 

 with arsenate of lea'd paste 3 lb . per 100 gals. The second spraying should 

 be done from ten days to two weeks later, with the following mixture : 

 Self -boiled lime-sulphur, 15-15-100, with arsenate of lead paste 3 lb. 

 per 100 gals. The third, if necessary, should be repeated from 10 days 

 to two weeks after the second, with the same mixture. Experience 

 has shown that commercial lime-sulphurs scorch the foliage. Great 

 care should be taken to use a nozzle which will throw a fine mist spray 

 and the entire surface of the fruit should be covered with the solution. 

 Aegeria (Sanninoidea) exitiosa, Say (peach-tree borer) is a serious pest 

 throughout the State, being least injurious on stony hills. There is one 

 brood a year, but the egg-laying period ranges from early July to mid- 

 September, so that a tree often contains larvae of varying sizes. Aphis 

 persicae niger, Sm., (black aphis of peach) feeds primarily on peach 

 roots, coming to the surface in spring to form new colonies on twigs 

 and leaves. A strong tobacco decoction sprayed on the aerial form 

 and applied about the roots is recommended. 



Cherries and plums are attacked by Conotracliehis nenuphar, F., 

 Myzus cerasi, F., which has been satisfactorily treated with Black 

 Leaf 40, and by Tetranychus bimaculatus, Harv., which severely 

 attacks the leaves and fruit of damsons. 



