182 



under loose bark of apple, etc. ; they are harmless to the tree, but 

 probably subsist on the decaying bark tissue. The Lucanid, Platy- 

 cerus quercus, Web., was present in considerable numbers, causing 

 extensive damage by devouring the buds of pear ; it can easily 

 be shaken off the trees. Thyridopferyx ephaemeriformis, Haw., (bag- 

 worm) has done serious damage to shade and fruit trees. Hand- 

 picking the bags during winter and placing them in barrels covered 

 with a coarse screen to allow the parasites to develop, is recommended. 

 In summer, arsenate of lead paste at the rate of 2 lb. per 50 U.S. gals, 

 water is an effective control. Against Aspidiotus perniciosiis, Comst. 

 (San Jose scale), spraying should be done during the dormant season ; 

 on apples and pears either commercial or home-boiled lime-sulphur 

 may be used, but commercial lime-sulphur is dangerous for peaches. 

 Lepidosaphes ulmi, Linn., (oyster-shell scale) is common on various 

 fruit and shade trees ; the egg stage is passed during the winter ; 

 spraying with kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap when the young 

 scale-insects are crawling about, is recommended. Aspidiotus forbesi, 

 Johns. (Forbes' scale or cherry scale), is controlled in the same way 

 as the San Jose scale. A. ancylus, Putn., (Putnam's scale) is seldom 

 a serious pest, except on currant and gooseberry ; control as for San 

 Jose scale. Chionaspis furfura. Fitch (scurfy scale) is very similar 

 in hfe-history to oyster-shell scale and control methods are the same. 

 Lecanium nigrofasciahon, Perg. (terrapin scale) is found for the most 

 part on peach, but also on maple and elm. The damage is usually 

 so slight that the expense of spraying for this insect alone is not 

 justified ; control by dormant spraying with concentrated Hme- 

 sulphur or miscible oils is advised. Aulacaspis rosae, Bouche, (rose scale) 

 occurs on most of the Rosaceae, chiefly in damp shady places. For 

 roses and cane fruits, it is advised to cut off and burn all infested stems 

 during winter. Aspidiotus uvae, Comst., (grape scale) can be con- 

 trolled with a dormant spray of lime-sulphur, but this should not be 

 appHed to vines when the buds have begun to open ; should the 

 scale be discovered during the growing period, two or more washes of 

 whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 lb. per 4 gals, water will check it. 



Protopopova (A.). BbirOHKa nepCMKOB-b. [The cultivation of 

 peaches.] — « FlnOflOBOflCTBO.w [Fruit-growing], Petrograd, nos. 7, 

 9, 10 & 12 ; July, September, October, & December 1914 ; 

 pp. 458-459, 609-614, 690-696, & 850-854. 



Great damage to peaches is often done by ants, which devour the 

 pistils during the blossoming period, and later attack the ripe fruit. 

 Smearing the trunks and the posts and bars of the espahers with 

 tangle-foot, turpentine, thick syrup or any other adhesive sub- 

 stance, is recommended as a remedy. Aphis persicae attacks peach 

 trees subjected to dry and warm air and also to rapid changes of 

 temperature. Spraying with tobacco extract or fumigation by means 

 of the Hanbold apparatus is recommended. Eulecanium (Coccus) 

 persicae usually occurs in the axils of the branches, whence it spreads 

 over the young shoots, buds and leaves ; only a thorough scrubbing 

 with small, stiff brushes is of any avail as a remedy. 



