183 



Parshek (M.). Paaemie nnoflOBOflCTBa m BMHorpaflapcTBa, m bhho- 

 fltnifl Bi* TyancMHCKOMTj oupyrt, HepHOMopcHOM ryQepHiM. [The 

 development of horticulture, viticulture and wine-making in the 

 district of Tuapse, govt, of Tchernomorsk (Black Sea). J — « PlnOAO- 

 BOflCTBO.» [Fruit -groiving], Petrograd, nos. 11, & 12; November 

 & December, 1914 ; pp. 739-749 & 829-844. 



Apple trees in this district are damaged by Cydia fomonella, which 

 frequently destroys one-third and even one-half of the total yield. 

 They are also attacked by Cetoniid beetles, Epicometis and Oxythyrea, 

 and by various Lepidoptera, especially Cossus cossits {ligniperda). 

 From 1 to 2 per cent, of Scalecide is reported as the best remedy 

 against aphids, the control of which is rendered difficult by the nature 

 of the ground, which prevents the use of horse-sprayers. Pear trees 

 are damaged, in addition, by Tingis pyri, and plums by Cydia 

 (Grapholita) funebrana. 



TzESHEvsKY (S). KpaTKOB pyKOBOACTBO no 6opb6t c-b BpeflMienflMM 

 nnoAOBaro caAa, msi* KJiacca HactKOMbixi*. (flo nepioAaM-b roAa). 



[A short text-book on the control of insect-pests of orchards. 

 (Arranged according to the seasons of the year).]— Supplement 

 to « nJ10A0B0ACTB0.» [Fruit-growing], Petrograd, 1914, 44 pp., 

 37 figs. 



This book contains an introduction by its Editor, J. Schreiner, who 

 points out that the control of insect pests must be based on the ability 

 of the horticulturists to recognise and identify the particular pests 

 attacking their orchards. The author gives a table figuring various 

 stages of the chief orchard pests and details the work to be undertaken 

 in orchards according to the season of the year. He also describes 

 various insecticides, fungicides, sprayers, etc. 



GoRiAiNov (A.). 3acbixaHie m 6tnoKonoccocTb anaKOBi*. [The 

 withering and white ears of grain.] — « B'tCTHHK'b PflSaHCKaro 

 fyfiepHCKaro 3eMCTBa.» [The Messenger of the Zemstvo of tJie 

 Government of Riazan], Riazan, 1914, no. 11-12, pp. 69-77. 



A popular account is given of the causes producing the withering 

 of ears of grain, which may be due to the weather or to various insect 

 pests. The larvae of the sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus, devour the walls 

 and knots of the stems of grain and remain in the stubbles over the 

 winter. The ploughing of the stubbles in autumn or burning them 

 is therefore a very effective remedy. Similar injury is done by Elaterid 

 larvae. The most usual remedy is poisoned bait, while mineral 

 manures have also given favourable results. Mayetiola {Cecidomyia) 

 destructor can also be successfully combated by reploughing the 

 stubbles. Sometimes only one ear with its stem withers, while the 

 remaining parts of the plant remain healthy. This is caused by the 

 larva of a moth, Ochsenheimeria taurella, against which no effective 

 remedies are known, though trap crops is recommended. A mite, 

 Pedicidopsis graminum, L., causes the distortion of the ears, and 

 similar injury is done by the larvae of Oscinella (Oscinis) frit, and by 

 aphids and various species of thrips. 



