192 



acerifolii, Riley, and P. aceris, L. ; tulip-trees also suffered. Lachnus 

 abietis, Fitch, (the spruce gall louse) was abundant. The chief 

 aphid pest of apple orchards was Aphis pomi, de G. {7)iali, F.), but 

 wherever the lime-sulphur spray for San Jose scale was apphed while 

 the buds were swelling, the aphids were destroyed ; if, however, 

 spraying was delayed until the buds opened sufficiently for the aphids 

 to crawl inside them, they were not satisfactorily controlled. Forty 

 per cent, nicotine solution apphed between the opening of the leaf 

 buds and the opening of the flower buds {i.e., the " cluster-cup stage ") 

 at the rate of one part to 500 parts of water, to which soap is added 

 at the rate of 4 lb. to each 50 U.S. (41| Impl.) gallons, would in all 

 probability serve to protect orchards in which the dormant spray 

 either was not given at all, or given at such a time that it failed to kill 

 the lice. It has been shown that Black leaf 40 can be used safely and 

 efficiently with " Pyrox." Experiments during the spring and summer 

 showed that this tobacco mixture could be used in either Bordeaux 

 or lime-sulphur summer spray mixtures without damage to foliage 

 or fruit. It has been found to be efficient for apple aphids at the rate 

 of one part to 650 parts of the diluted spray. Schizoneura lanigera, 

 Hausm., was a little more abundant than usual, especially on the 

 above-ground parts of apple-trees. Peach trees were infested to a 

 considerable extent by Myzus persicae, Sulz., and Aphis persicae- 

 niger, E.S., while in some cases cherry trees suffered severely from 

 Myzus cerasi, F., and plum trees from Hyalopterus arundinis, F. Aphis 

 gossypii, Glov., was very abundant and did much damage, especially 

 to melons ; thorough spraying with a combination of nicotine sulphate 

 and soap will protect the plants, and it is probable that one part of 40 

 per cent, nicotine solution to 45 parts of water, with whale-oil or laundry 

 soap added at the rate of 4 lb. to each 50 U.S. gallons will prove 

 a satisfactory mixture ; early treatment is essential [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, iii, p. 163]. Aphis forbesi. Weed, A. brassicae, L., and 

 Rhopalosiphwn solani, Thos., slightly damaged strawberries, cabbages, 

 and tomatoes respectively. Myzus ribis, L. (currant aphis) and 

 Necfarophora rosae, L., were also reported. 



During the summer, natural enemies of the San Jose scale were 

 very abundant, and in northern New Jersey practically every peach 

 tree had a dozen or more of the lady bird beetle, Microiveisia (Smilia) 

 misella, Lee, on it ; Prospaltella aurantii. How., Aphelinus fuscipennis. 

 How., and Signiphora nigrita, Ashm., were also collected in various 

 parts of the State. For a period of several years the San Jose scale 

 appears to have been declining, and this is probably due to better 

 artificial treatment, combined with the work of its natural enemies. 

 The author disagrees with the recommendation of the Economic 

 Zoologist of Pennsylvania to disseminate A.fusGipennis and Anaphes 

 gracilis, How., artificially, as these species are already widely dis- 

 tributed, and introduction would not only be waste of time and 

 money, but through engendering neglect of tried and efficient measures, 

 would entail heavy financial loss. Eulecanium nigrofasciatmn, 

 Perg. (terrapin scale, or peach Lecanium) was fairly abundant, but 

 soluble oil gave entirely satisfactory results. Chiotmspis furfura 

 Fitch (scurfy scale), C . pinifoliae. Fitch (pine leaf scale), Lepidosaphes 

 ulmi, L. (oyster-shell scale), and Aulacaspis rosae, Bche. (rose scale) 

 gave the usual amount of trouble. 



