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the stalks of hemp in the district of Michailovsk, and which was said 

 to have done much greater damage in the previous year. 



The following pests of field crops are reported : — Lepidoptera : 

 Euxoa segetum, and Feltia exclamationis, the existence of a second 

 generation of which has not yet been definitely established. The 

 remedies given against these moths are careful removal of weeds, 

 occupied fallow [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 316], molasses traps, 

 spraying with Paris green round the bare spaces, trap crops of beet, 

 cabbage or potatoes and protective trenches round fields or parts 

 of them. The caterpillars of Apamea {Hydroecia) nictitans, Bkh., 

 were observed on summer-sown oats, the damage in some cases 

 amounting to 35 per cent. The burning or deep ploughing of 

 stubble late in autumn, followed by the reploughing of the fields 

 intended for sowing summer crops early in spring, and trenches 

 round the fields, are recommended as remedies. Pyrausta nuhilalis 

 has injured millet fields. The imagines of Chloridea (Heliothis) 

 dipsacea were observed on some lucerne fields, but no damage 

 by the caterpillars was noticed. Phlyctaenodes sticticalis, L., 

 has also not done any damage, although present. Ochsenheimeria 

 taurella, Schii?., has been reported as injurious from all parts of the 

 government. Trachea (Hadena) basilinea, was found in more or less 

 large quantities during the harvest ; should it be noticed in grain 

 stores, the grain must be screened ; the sheaves must be stored 

 oose, so as to allow the circulation of cold air through them, and 

 the thrashing in spring must be done as early as possible ; the cater- 

 pillars left in the fields after the harvest must be destroyed by burning 

 the stubble or by burning them with heaps of straw spread on the 

 fields over night, under which they collect. Coleoptera : Larvae of 

 Elatekidae and Tenebrionidae have injured oats and rye in 

 some districts, the stems withering and being easily detachable 

 from the root, without showing a clean cut, as is the case when 

 the injuries are caused by the wheat sawfly, Cephus pygynaeus. 

 The remedies suggested are, hand-picking the larvae, for which 

 purpose various baits are required ; poisoned baits of clover ; 

 trenches 7 to 9 inches deep round the fields, the wall facing the 

 protected part to be made vertical ; and mineral manures. Anisoplia 

 crucifera appears later and is more important than A. segetum, as it 

 feeds on young, undeveloped grain. A species of Apion was 

 everywhere found more frequently on Trifolium pratense than on 

 T. repens. Several samples showed a maximum infestation of 

 58 per cent. The mowing of clover in the first half of June is 

 advised, leaving trap-strips of unmowed clover, which are cut 

 down when the larvae appear and given to cattle as food. Clover 

 fields may be sprayed in May and also at the end of June with Paris 

 green (10 grammes of green, 33 grammes of freshly slacked lime in 

 1 litre of water, some molasses being added). Weevils of the genus 

 Sitones injured vetches, and Haltica oleracea, lucerne. Bruchus 

 pisorum, L., has damaged peas in one district ; peas should be put 

 in water before sowing, which will cause the damaged ones to rise to 

 the surface, where they can be collected and destroyed. Apion 

 craccae, L., injured the pods of vetches. Rhynchota : Aelia acuminata, L., 

 and Eurygaster maurus, L., are found everywhere. The Capsid, Trigo- 

 notylus ruficornis, Geof., occurred everywhere in July, but in small 



