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■" Negrot " and " Colombard." According to Feytaud, who confinns 

 the above statements, the types with a lengthy period of blossoming 

 also suffer more ; when selecting vines preference ought to be given 

 to those proof against dry weather, and having a suitable period of 

 blossoming and form of inflorescence ; according to French authors, 

 the varieties " Saint-Emilion " and " Uniblanc " are those most proof 

 against the pests. 



A list of birds and the following predaceous insects which reduce 

 the numbers of the two pests, are given : — Neuroptera : Chryso'pa 

 ■perla, L., C. vulgaris, Schm., C. septem punctata, Wesm., Myrmeleon 

 sp., Palpares libelluloides, L. ; Orthoptera : Forficula auricularia, 

 L., Lahidura riparia^ L. ; Coleoptera : Calosoma sycophant a, L., Denops 

 albofasciatvs, Charp., Opilo tnollis, L., Malachius bipustulatus, 

 L., Coccinella semptempunctata, L. ; Hymenoptera : Zicrona coerulea, 

 Odynenis chevrieramis ; Hemiptera : Nabis nigulosus ; and Syrphidae. 



The parasites, which are more important, include : — Chalcid- 

 OiDEA : Trichogramma semblidis, Auriv., Eulophus polydrosis, Marchal, 

 Pteromalus vitis and Caenacis parviclava, Thoms. ; Ichneumonidae : 

 Pinipla alfernans, Grav., P. strigipleuris, Thoms. P. turionellae, L., 

 Omorgus dijformis, Gmel., Angitia {Diodes) melania, Th., A. exareo- 

 lata, llatz., Cry plus minutidus, Phygadeuon eudeminis, P. varicornis, 

 Thoms., Angitia vestigialis, Katz., A.fenestraUs, Holmgi*., A. areolaris, 

 Holmgr., and Microcryptus nigrocinctns, Thoms. Hemiteles areator, 

 Grav., and Pezomackus botrana, according to Catoni, are hyperparasites, 

 parasitising Pimpla. From the pupa of Polychrosis botrana, a Tachinid, 

 Phytomyptera nitidiventris, Rond., has been reared. The following 

 fungi attack both species : — Citromyces glaber, Wehm., Verticilliutn 

 .heterocladain, Pentz., Botrytis bassiana, Bals., and Isaria farinosa var. 

 verticilloides, Fron., while Coccobacillus acridioriuu is reported as 

 infesting only P. botrana. 



The remedies against these pests are divided into mechanical and 

 chemical and are described in detail, with references to the observations 

 and experiments of French, German and Italian authors. The 

 mechanical remedies consist of : — The use of powders, such as lime 

 and gypsum, in order to prevent the moths from ovipositing on the 

 : grapes ; the destruction of the wintering pupae by crushing them 

 with gloves or metallic brushes, by pouring water at a temperature of 

 112-133° F. over the vines and stakes, by applying trap belts as recom- 

 mended by Catoni, and by covering the young branches, stakes, etc. 

 during the winter with earth about one inch thick ; this latter remedy 

 is used in Germany, where it is done between the second half 

 of November and the end of December and leads to the destruction 

 of the pupae, the parasites, according to Vetter, remaining alive ; 

 the catching of the imagines of C. ambiguella at light or traps such as 

 sticky belts or baits attracting the moths by their smell, etc. ; the 

 collection and destruction of the caterpillars together with the injured 

 fruits, and the bag treatment, as practised in America. 



The chemical remedies consist of spraying with insectifuges, the best 

 of which are those which contain nicotine, while chloroform, nitro- 

 benzol, sulphuretted hydrogen, pitch, essence of orange blossoms, mint, 

 eucalyptus, rosemar\% cinnamon, and geranium, the preparation 

 " Rubina," consisting of pitch and caustic soda, and preparations 

 •containing pyridine are also used ; spraying with various insecticides, 



