213 



XozHEVNiKov (Gr.). HayMHbie MOTepecbi bt, ripMKJiaAHOM Shtomo- 

 noriM. [Scientific interests in Applied Entomology.] — 

 « BtCTHMK-b PycCKOM HpHKnaAHOM 3HT0M0J10riM.» [Messenger 

 of Russian Applied Entomology], Kiev, 1915, no. 4, pp. 

 101-109. 



The possibilities of scientific research in Applied Entomology are 

 •discussed and the establishment of scientifically equipped Ento- 

 mological Stations, where zoologists and entomologists could work 

 hand in hand, advocated. The questions which could be investigated 

 as a result of such co-operation, are important both from a scientific 

 and practical point of view and would assist the control of insect 

 pests. Illustrations of such questions in entomological research are 

 given, such as : — The variations in the number of eggs laid in a given 

 locality and the causes of this phenomenon ; the influence of meteoro- 

 logical and climatological conditions on the time necessary for the 

 development of the egg and other stages ; the effect of different 

 influences on g^o^^'th, fertility, etc. Such general questions of biology, 

 as the struggle for existence, natural selection, sexual selection, pro- 

 tective characters, various anatomical questions and many others, 

 can be successfully and conveniently studied in insects. While the 

 necessity for specialisation is admitted, the importance of breadth of 

 view in investigation is emphasised. 



The three following articles have been translated from « B'tCTHMK'b 

 PycCKOM ripHKJiaAHOil 3HTOMOnoriH » [Messenger of Russian 

 Applied Entomology], Kiev, 1915, no. 4, by permission of the 

 Editors. 



Makarov (V.). l4eMeHTHbifl jioBHifl KOJibua M hxij npMMtHeHie eii 

 n/IOAOBOACTB't. [Cement traps and their use in orchards.] — 

 « BtcTHHK-b CaAOBOACTBa, hjiOAOBOACTBa m OropoAHH4ecTBa.» 



[Messenger of Horticulture Fruit-growing and Market- gardening], 

 Petrograd, 1914, no. 3, pp. 271-274. 



About a year ago, Mr. Prichodko (Station Merefa, Southern Railway) 

 invented and put on the market cement troughs for the protection of 

 fruit trees from pests. These troughs are supposed to prevent insect 

 pests, chiefly various Curculionidae, from getting on to the trees 

 from the soil. Each consists of two semicircular gutter-shaped halves 

 which are fixed in the earth round the trunk by means of cement ; 

 water mixed with naphtha or kerosene is poured into the circular 

 gutter thus obtained. Three sizes are manufactured, from 6| to 14 

 inches in diameter, weighing from 9 to 32 lb. and costing from 4|d. 

 to 7^d. each. They were tested in 1911, at the Agricultural School 

 at Uman and some disadvantages were noticed. Owing to their size, 

 they prevent close approach to the trees for the purpose of various 

 operations and they must be removed in winter, otherwise they burst. 

 The author of the article does not say how far they accomplish their 

 purpose. 



