215 



first larvae can be observed, under a lens, to have hatched from the 

 eggs ; the spraying will kill both the emerged larvae and those still 

 in the eggs, the shells of which become very thin at the time when 

 hatching starts. Lime spraying is also very useful against Anthonomus 

 pomorum, especially if coupled with trap-belts, so as to catch the females 

 which, unable to fly, will try to get back over the trunk to the buds 

 to oviposit there ; the belts must be inspected every morning and the 

 captured females destroyed. 



Lavrenko (A. N.). Li^MTKOBan flOnoHHan t/ih mjim nfinoHHbiii HepBei;-b 

 M Mtpbl 6opb6bl. [Lepidosaphes ulmi and remedies.] — « CaflO- 

 B0flT3.» [The Horticulturist], Rostov-on-Don, no. 1, January 1915, 

 pp. 65-68. 

 Lepidosaphes ulmi {Mytilaspis pomorum) is frequently found in 

 large numbers in orchards of Central and Southern Russia on the bark 

 of various trees, causing serious damage and chiefly attacking weak 

 and badly nourished trees. The females oviposit in August, the 

 eggs winter, and the larvae emerge in the succeeding May. The follow- 

 ing remedies are recommended : — Smearing the infested trunks and 

 thick branches with carbolineum, to which milk of lime can be added 

 (1 part of carbolineum to 3 or 4 parts of lime), or with California 

 mixture prepared as follows : — 10 lb. of quick lime is slaked in the 

 required amount of water, adding at the same time 10 lb. of sulphur; 

 this mixture is dissolved in water and boiled till it turns an amber 

 yellow colour, adding gradually a solution of 2 lb. of salt and boiling 

 for another 1| hours. Spraying the trees in winter with a 10 per cent, 

 solution of carboHneum and in spring with 5 per cent, kerosene 

 emulsion is also useful. The spring spraying must be repeated three 

 times, at intervals of two or three days, and is directed against the 

 emerging larvae ; the time of emergence must be ascertained by 

 means of observation, through a lens, of infested branches, kept 

 specially for this purpose. Scalecide may be successfully used as 

 a spray. 



Balabanov (M.). Aeiueeblfl nHnKifl HOnbLja. [Cheap sticky-belts.] — 

 « riporpecCMBHOe CaAOBOACTBO n OropOflHMHeCTBO.» [Progressive 



Horticidture and Market-gardening], Petrograd, no. 51, 3rd January 



1915, pp. 1576-1577. 

 The author repeats the receipe for preparing an adhesive for trap belts 

 which was given in No. 14, 1907, of the same journal by D. P. Alferov, 

 \'iz. :— 2^ lb. of hard black pitch or other kinds of pitch are dissolved 

 in a kettle on the fire, after which 2 J lb. of " Mazut " (gas tar or naphtha 

 residue) is added and stirred in ; the kettle is then removed from the 

 fire and about 5 lb. of ordinary cart grease added ; the mixture is then 

 quite ready for use. Should the preparation be too liquid some more 

 pitch must be added ; should it, on the contrary, be too thick, add some 

 more Mazut. The above quantity will suffice for 50 large-sized apple 

 and pear trees at a cost of about |d. per tree. The author has used 

 this mixture with great advantage, preparing the belts from ordinarv 

 packing paper. He reminds fruit-growers that in the southern govern- 

 ments such belts must be put on the trees in the first half of March, 

 and in the central governments in the second half of that month, or 

 even earlier, in case of an early spring. 



