217 



RODZIANKO (V. N.). HtKOTOpblX-b HactH0MblX-b3l)^SuAiU«»^^1^0- 



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 HOCTM BTj 1914 rofly. [On some insects injurious to forestry in 

 the Baltic governments.] — Report of the Laboratory of Forest 

 Entomology for 1914, Riga, 1915, 15 pp. 



This Laboratory was instituted in February 1914, under the 

 directorship of the author, as a branch of the Baltic Station 

 for the control of pests of cultivated plants. The following 

 insects are dealt with : — The Scolytid, Ips {Tomicus) typographus, 

 L., is the most important pest of forests in the Baltic govern- 

 ments, hatching out yearly in considerable quantities, not only on 

 fallen or felled wood, but also on standing trees. In 1914, this insect 

 destroyed many hundreds of fir trees, as was also the case in 1913, 

 when thousands of firs had to be barked. Pityogenes {Tomicus) 

 bistridentatm, Eichh., was noticed in one pine forest. The author 

 expresses the opinion that this species and P. quadridens. Hart., are 

 not distinct. The adults of Dryocoetes autographus, Ratz., were found 

 beneath the bark of felled firs in June. Hylastes ater, Payk., was on 

 the wing in May in a forest near Riga. The adults only are injurious, 

 attacking young pines, of which they gnaw the bark. They were also 

 found underneath the bark of old pines. The removal of the attacked 

 stumps and the use of trap trunks may be recommended as remedies. 

 Myelophilus {Hylesinus) piniperda, L., M. minor, Hart., and Pityogenes 

 {Tomicus) chalcographus, L., were also found in 1914, the first two on 

 pines and the third on firs. The general remedies against Scolytid ae 

 applied in the forests of the Baltic governments are : The felling of 

 infested trees, followed by the removal of the bark from them, as well 

 as from fallen trees and trap trunks. The removed bark is either 

 burned or left in heaps. The author suggests the desirability of 

 beginning experiments in Russia for the control of these pests by 

 smearing the trunks with various insecticides, similar to those used 

 in North America. Anthaxia {Buprestis) qiuidripunctata, L., was. 

 found in the first half of July on fir stumps ; the tunnels formed by 

 the larvae were found underneath the bark of such trees. 



Lepidoptera. Lymantria {Psilura) monacha, L., appears yearly in; 

 the forests, but serious outbreaks occur only at intervals, usually in 

 three or four successive years. The last great outbreak occurred during 

 1909-1913 and was specially serious in 1912. In some forests in the 

 government of Kurland, the young firs were damaged by the cater- 

 pillars. The remedies against the pest applied in that country consist 

 in hand-collection of the imagines, in the destruction of the caterpillars 

 by means of trap-belts, in facilitating the breeding of birds, which destroy 

 the insects, by providing and putting out artificial nests, etc., and in 

 felling the damaged trees. The author considers hand-collection to 

 be the most effective remedy. This must be done at the beginning of 

 outbreak years, before the moths have oviposited. When this remedy 

 has not been applied, and some of the trees are already damaged, the 

 felling of them is urgently recommended. The Noctuid, Panolisflammea, 

 Schiff. {piniperda, Panz.) was found in small quantities in 1914 in a 

 forest near Riga and attacked pines, and Calymnia {Cosmia) trapezina, 

 L., greatly injured oaks in some forests in Kurland. Some of the 

 latter caterpillars were found to be infested with Tachinid parasites. 



It is stated that the haste with which this report had to be prepared, 

 has prevented manv other pests of forests from being dealt with. 



(C150) Wt.P12;91. l.oOO 5.15. B.&F Ltd. Gp.11/3. a 



