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atfemiata, Koch, occurs on hops and wild hemp, and Chaetocneyna 

 concinna, Marsh., on beets. Aphthona ewphorbiae, Schr., was taken on 

 mustard and evidently feeds on other plants, as no linseed is 

 cultivated in the district ; P. deyrollei, Tourn., attack apples and 

 pears ; and Chlorophanus graminicola, Gyl., injures leaves of Populus 

 nigra and basket-willows on the islands of the Volga. The larvae 

 of Lixus ascanii, L., var. alhomarginatus, Boh., injure the roots 

 of mustard. Lepyrus palustris, Scop., injures the leaves and young 

 shoots of basket- willows. Hylohius abietis, L. ordinarily a pest 

 of conifers, is found in the district of Saratov and elsewhere, 

 though no conifers occur. Dorytomus longmianus, Forst., injures 

 poplars, mostly Populus nigra. Anthonotnus rectirostris, L., is 

 found on blossoms of bird-cherries and Rhaynphus pulicarius is reported 

 for the first time as a pest, on young leaves of apples and pears. 

 Other harmful weevils are :■ — Byctiscus betulae, L. {Rhynckites betuleti, 

 F.), Rhynchites auratus. Scop., R. bacchus, L., R. pauxillus. Germ., 

 R. aequatus, L., and Attelabus curculionoides, L. Scolytus {Eccopto- 

 gaster) rugulosus, Ratz., and S. pruni, Ratz., are both found all over 

 the whole government injuring fruit trees, especially in old orchards. 



The larvae of Polyphylla alba. Pall., frequently injure orchards ; 

 Hoplia parvula, Kyrn., and Anomala aenea, de G., eat the leaves 

 of basket-willows; Anisoplia segetum, Hbst., A. cyathigera, Scop., 

 A. brenskii, Reitt., are all found on grain ; the larvae of Pentodon 

 idiota, Hbst., (P. monodon, F.) feed on the roots of vines ; Epicotnetis 

 (Tropinota) hirta, P., is specially injurious to orchards in the south, 

 although outbreaks occur also in the north ; Oxythyrea funesta, Poda, 

 (stictica, L.) does damage in gardens and Cetonia aurata, L., attacks 

 fruit trees. 



Dipterous pests include : — Pegomyia hyoscyami, Panz., on beets ; 

 Chortophila brassicae, Bche., on cabbages. Phytomyza orobanchiae feeds 

 on the fungi Orobanchia cumana and 0. ramosa. An enormous out- 

 break of Bibio marci, L., and Bibio hortulanus, L., occurred in 1913. 

 The author differs from Prof. Cholodkovsky, who states that the 

 larvae of these insects feed on the thin rootlets of various plants, as 

 he has never observed such damage and considers them harmless. 



Hymenoptera : Pteronus ribesii (Nematus ventricosus, K.) and Pris' 

 tiphora pallipes, Lep., {N. appendiculatus, Hart.), both injure goose- 

 berries and currants. Athalia spinarum, F., injures mustard ; 

 Eriocampoides limacina, L., {Selandria adumbrata, Klug) is found 

 during the whole summer in all districts on the leaves of cherries 

 and plums ; Eurytoma amygdali is widespread on plums. Ants are 

 injurious in that their nests interfere with the proper watering of 

 orchards and market-gardens. The local farmers control them by 

 means of bottles filled with salt water and half sunk into the earth 

 inchned in such a way that their necks touch the bark of the trees. 



The distribution of the principal pests of orchards over various 

 parts of the government, which is divided for the purpose into 7 

 districts, is given, many of the above-mentioned pests being dealt 

 with. 



