225 



pest. He is inclined to attribute this to the adverse influence of rainy 

 weather on the parasites, which are the chief controUing agency. 

 Vanessa polychloros, L., defohated pear, plum and cherry trees near 

 Kishinev. Chlorodystis rectangulata, L., injured buds of pear and 

 apple trees in one locality, not having been previously reported as a 

 pest in the government of Bessarabia ; the injury is similar to that 

 caused by Anthonomus fomonnn, Li Cossus cossus, L., occurs every- 

 where, more or less considerable damage from its caterpillars having 

 been observed in some old orchards. Tortrix {Pandemis) ribeana, 

 Hb., occurred on walnuts near Akkerman ; Trichmra crataegi, L., on 

 plums ; Orgyia gonostigma, F., on pears ; Episema {Diloba) caendeoce- 

 phala, L., on apples; Abraxas grossulariata, L., on currants; Lymantria 

 dispar, L. ; Zeuzera pyrina, L. ; Cheimatobia brumata, L. ; and Saturnia 

 pyri, Schiff. Phlyctaenodes sticticalis, L., attacked fruit trees and 

 even walnuts, mulberry trees and white acacia. Papilio podalirius, L., 

 injured apricot and pear trees. 



Coleopterous pest included : Anthononnis pyri, Boh., noticed for 

 the first time in large numbers in Bessarabia ; Sciaphobus {Sciaphilus) 

 squalidus, ¥., some observations on which, confirmed the statements 

 of Znamensky [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, p. 337] that this pest has a 

 biennial cycle of development, the larvae feeding on roots ; Anthonomus 

 pomorum, L., Rhynckites pauxillus, Germ., R. aequatus, L., R. bacchns, 

 L., Byctiscus betidae, L. {R. betideti, F.), Peritelus griseiis, L. ; Melolontha 

 melolontha, L., chiefly injurious in the imago stage to fruit trees, 

 particularly in orchards situated near forests ; Epicometis hirta, Poda, 

 and Lytta vesicatoria, L., which devoured leaves of ash and lilac trees. 



Of Hymenopterous pests, the most injurious belonged to the 

 Tenthredinidae, including : — Hoplocampa fulvicornis, Klug, the 

 larvae of w^hich pupate in the ground during the first half of June ; 

 the larvae of H. brevis, Klug, are about ten days earlier ; 

 H. testudinea, Klug, observed to attack preferably Pyrus cerasiformis ; 

 Eriocampoides limacina {Eriocampa adumbrata, Klug) ; Pamphilus 

 (Lyda) nemoralis, L., the larvae of which were found at the end of 

 May on peach trees, living inside rolled leaves drawn together with a 

 web ; Pristipkora pallipes, Lep. {Nematus appendiculatus. Hart.), 

 which appeared at the end of March and began at once to oviposit 

 on young leaves of gooseberries, producing 3-4 generations during the 

 year, and Clavellaria amerinae, L., observed on willows in river valleys. 

 Of the family Cynipidae, Andricus fecundatrix, Htg., Cynips kollari, 

 Hart., and Neuroterus numismalis. Hart., were noticed on oaks, and 

 Rhodites rosae on roses. 



Rhynchota. The chief Coccid pests were : — Eulecanium {Lecanium) 

 cerasi, Goethe. Evlecanium {Physokermes) coryli, L., was the chief 

 pest of plums. It is found in the Bessarabian Bukovina and in 

 many other districts, but the chief plum-growing district — Kodry — is 

 still free from it, although it is expected that it may spread there. 

 The larvae of this pest mostly occur on the leaves and return to the 

 trunks when they fall. Trees infested were observed to lose their 

 leaves later than healthy ones. Eulecanium (Lecanium) robinarium, 

 Dougl., is widespread in north and south Bessarabia, injuring Robinia 

 trees, and as it migrates from them on to plum or mulberry trees, 

 it threatens both the local beekeeping and silk-growing industries. 

 Aspidiotus ostreaeformis, Curt., is the chief pest of pear trees and is 



