22G 



spreading over new areas ; an allied species attacks French plums. 

 Lepidosaphes ulmi is found in large numbers on apple trees in several 

 localities. Psylla pjyricola, Forster, is found everywhere in central and 

 south Bessarabia, while P. mali, Forst., has been reported only from 

 the district of Chotin. 



Schizoneura lanigera, Hausm., although known to occur in the 

 government for the last 25 or 30 years, has only lately been included 

 among the local pests ; A. ponii, De Geer, Hyalopterus pnini, F., and 

 Aphis pyri, Koch, are found everywhere ; Lachnus juglandicola, Kalt., 

 has been noticed on walnuts near Kishinev ; Schizoneura lanuginosa. 

 Hart., on elm trees, particularly in the steppe districts. Aphis tiliae, 

 L., has seriously injured lime trees in Kishinev, causing the leaves^ 

 to turn yellow and drop in the middle of summer. Eriophyes 

 (Phytoptus) pyri, Pagst., was noticed on pear trees and E. tristriatus, 

 Nal., on walnuts. 



As regards vine pests, Clysia ambiguella appeared in large numbers, 

 which is attributed to the rainy summers of 1911 and 1912, a hot dry 

 summer being inimical to the development of this pest. The frequent 

 appearance of Sclerotinia fuckeliana. Fuck., on the variety of vine "Came 

 [Camay ?] hatif des Vosges," when cultivated in Bessarabia, is attributed 

 to the influence of C. ambiguella, as the spores of this fungus penetrate 

 through wounds caused by insects or mechanical means. Sparganothis 

 {Oenophthira) pilleriana, SchifE., was found only in the southern 

 part of the Akkerman district, where also caterpillars of Phlydae- 

 nodes sticiicalis, having devoured all the weeds in the vineyards, 

 attacked the vines, concentrating on the young leaves at the tips of 

 the shoots. Amphimallus solstitialis, L., and Polyjyhylla fullo, L., 

 injure vines on steppe ground. Larvae of Agriotes lineatus, L., and 

 Athous niger, L., are common pests of vine. Lethrus ap)terus, Laxm.^ 

 injured young vine shoots near uncultivated land or highroads ; 

 Sciaphobus {Sciaphilus) squalidus, F., usually injures vine buds ; 

 Eriophyes [Phytoptus) vitis and Phylloxera vastatrix, Plane, are found 

 everywhere. 



The following pests of field crops are reported : Mayetiola destructor. 

 Say, and Oscinella frit, L., were not numerous, but in some localities 

 the damage by one or the other of these pests was great. Anisoplia 

 austriaca, Hbst., was present in large numbers in south Bessarabia ; 

 Lema melanopa, L., was observed in many localities injuring barley 

 and oats. Euxoa (Agrotis) segetum, Schiff ., is not often injurious in Bessa- 

 rabia, but in the autumn of 1913 it destroyed some 190 acres of crops 

 near Kishinev and was also reported from another district. Phlyctaenodes 

 sticticalis, L., in the Akkerman district, damaged various field crops, 

 to which it migrates from weeds and was apparently the most dangerous 

 pest of maize. Other pests noticed on maize were : Pyrausta mibilalis, 

 Hb., which seems to have adapted itself to maize, as the hibernating 

 caterpillars only begin to pupate in the first half of June, so that the 

 imago appears at the end of that month, when maize has already 

 produced stems of fairly large dimensions, on which the females 

 oviposit ; and larvae of the following beetles, Melolontha melolontha, L., 

 Amphimallus solstitialis, L., Agriotes lineatus, L., Athous niger, L., 

 Omophlus lepturoides, F., Opatrum sabulosum, L., and Pedinus 

 femoralis, L. An extensive outbreak of Tetraneura rubra, Licht., occurred 

 in middle and south Bessarabia ; this aphid appears in spring on elm 



