228 



some in the larval stage, pupating in spring and producing imagines 

 in summer; others in the pupal stage, the imagines appearing at the 

 beginning of summer ; while a small number winter as imagines, which 

 are on the wing at the end of May. The parasites of this pest which 

 have been reared are the Chalcids : — Metapelma spectabilis, Westw., 

 and Pteromalus flavipes, Kurd. The branches weakened by A. 

 hastnlifer are usually attacked later by other beetles, such as Scolytus 

 (Eccoptogaster) carpini, Ratz., and species of Clytus. The felling and 

 barking of the affected trees or the cutting and burning of the single 

 branches are recommended, the latter procedure being more satisf actor}^ 

 when the insects are in their pupal stage. In summer, during the time 

 the insects are on the wing, trap trees are recommended and have been 

 successfully employed by the Kiev station. For this purpose, a belt 

 of bark about 7 inches wide is removed from some trees, on which the 

 insects congregate and the trees are then felled and barked before the 

 larvae have made their cocoons, the resulting waste being burned. 

 In nurseries, the smearing of the bark with a mixture of 2 parts of clay, 

 1 pari: of lime and 1 part of cow-dung or joiners' glue is recommended. 



ZVIEREZOMB-ZUBKOVSKY (E. V.). OnblTbl 6opb6bl Cl> nMMMHKaMM 



MaiiCKaro wyna nocpeACTBOM-b ctpHMCiaro yrnepoAa. [Experi- 

 ments on controlling larvae of Melolontha by means of carbon 

 bi-sulphide], pp. 25-35. 



Experiments on controlling larvae of Melolontha melolontha, L., and 

 of M. hippocasta7ii, L., by means of carbon bisulphide in the fruit 

 nursery of the Vasilkovsk Forest of the government of Kiev, are 

 described. Digging operations undertaken in various parts of the 

 nursery, having different degrees of light and shade, a different natural 

 and artificial soil, etc., showed an average presence of 16 larvae in 

 about 5h square feet, while in the adjoining woods only 2 or 3 larvae 

 were found in the same area. This is explained by the fact that the 

 light sandy soil of the nursery, situated in an exposed place and 

 possessing sufficient moisture, provided the optimum conditions 

 necessary for the development of the insects. A total of 191 larvae 

 were collected in 12 holes, each 28" by 28" by 28" and the diggings 

 showed that at the beginning of May the larvae were more or less 

 equally distributed over various depths, in the middle of May they 

 predominated at a depth of 14 inches, and after the end of May, at a 

 depth of 7 inches ; at the beginning of August, single pupae were found 

 at a depth of 16-19 inches. An adult M. hippocastani was found on 

 26th August, while after 7th September the number of beetles was 

 greater than that of pupae. Besides larvae of 31eIolotitha, there were 

 also found larvae of Ayiomala aenea, de G., Phyllopertha horticola, 

 L., and of some other Scarabaeidae. M. melolontha and M. 

 hippocastani were present in about equal numbers in the forest, the 

 latter being found earlier (10th May) while the former only 

 appeared after 18th May and occurred exclusively after the 23rd May. 

 The experiments on injecting carbon bisulphide into the soil by 

 means of an injector showed that a dose of 4 grms. injected to a depth 

 of 3 or 4 inches produced only 8 per cent, of stupified larvae, that the 

 same amount injected to a depth of 5 or 6 inches produced 15 per cent., 



