239 



POSPIELOV (V. P.). fltflTeJlbHOCTM 0nblTH0-3HT0M0n0ri1MeCKMXT» 

 CiaHLliM BTj MianiM m PepiviaHiM. [On the work of the Entomo- 

 logical Eesearch Stations in Italy and Germany.] pp. 107-117. 



The author visited in 1912, on behalf of the Russian Department of 

 Agriculture, some of the Entomological Stations in Italy and Germany, 

 and this paper contains the results of his observations. He describes 

 the organisation and the work of the Entomological Station in Florence, 

 the laboratory of the School at Portici, and refers also to some other 

 entomological organisations in Italy. In Germany, the work of the so- 

 called " Pflanzenschutzstationen " is mostly concentrated on the study 

 of fungus diseases and to a less degree on that of insect pests. Only 

 of late years has entomological research work been started at various 

 Stations and Institutions, of which the author describes more or 

 less fully the Baden Experimental Stalion, the Biological Institute in 

 Dahlem, near Berlin, and the Institute of the Emperor William in 

 Bromberg. He refers to the work of Professor Rorig on the agricultural 

 importance of birds, and points out that the stations at Florence and 

 at Bromberg are of the same type as the Entomological Bureaus in 

 Russia, and are not able to devote themselves to any great extent 

 to purely scientific research, but are more closely concerned with 

 advising and assisting the agricultural population in controlling insect 

 pests. 



Sacharov (N. L.). Bopb6a Cb capaHHeti btj AcipaxaHCKOM ryfiepHlM 

 btj 1913 roAY MwejiaTejibHanopraHMsanifl en ei. 6yflyiMeM-b. [The 

 campaign against locusts in the govt, of Astrachan in 1913 and 

 desirable organisation in future.] pp. 118-122. 



Various species of locusts appear as permanent pests of field crops 

 in the northern part of the government of Astrachan and of the natural 

 meadows in its southern part, the species found in the former area 

 being Caliptamus (Caloptenus) italicus, Oedalus (Pachytylus) nigro- 

 fasciatus, De Geer, and Oedipoda coendescens, L., while the common pest 

 in the latter is Locus! a {Pachytylus) migratoria, L. The last-named 

 is found exclusively in the reeds of the delta of the Volga, the chief foci 

 being situated in the " Baer ridges " on the islands in the Volga, which 

 are not flooded ; these ridges usually have no plants at all or are 

 covered wdth plants characteristic of saline areas, but they are surrounded 

 with meadow plants and reeds on which the insects find plenty of 

 food. The breeding places of the species of the northern part of the 

 government are situated in the steppes of the Zarev district. Up to 

 1912, the control of locusts was conducted by means of driving the 

 larvae into trenches or burning them, and only in that year was the 

 chemical method introduced. In 1913, some 13,500 acres were 

 infested with L. migratoria and 2,700 with the other species, and £2,400 

 was assigned for the campaign against them. Notwithstanding 

 various difficulties inherent in the nature of the countrs^ such as floods, 

 inaccessible spots, heavy dews and mosquitos (Anopheles and Cidex), 

 the campaign in 1913, conducted exclusively by chemical methods, 

 led to a total destruction of the pests in those places where it was 

 applied. The concentration of the organisation of the campaign in 

 the hands of some one institution of the government is urged. It 



