240 



should also be made compulsory, as far as the natural conditions 

 allow, only to employ paid labour and to create a special locust fund 

 by means of a special land tax for that purpose. [See this Review, 

 Ser. A, ii, p. 53.] 



SiLANTiEv (A. A.). ripuHnaAHafl aoonorifl, KaKi* npenwienj npenoAaea- 

 Hifl btj cejibCKo-xo3flMCTBeHHbix'b y4e6Hbixi>3aBefleHiflX"b m nocia- 

 HOBHa 3Toro npeflMeia Ha CflB. CenbCKO-XoaflMCTBeHHbixij 

 KypcaXTj. [Applied Zoology as a subject of teaching in the 

 agricultural school and its position in the St. Petersburg (Petrograd) 

 Agricultural Classes.] pp. 123-130. 



Reference is made to the great and ever increasing demand of late 

 years for expeii; advisers in agriculture in Russia caused by the urgent 

 necessity of improving the methods of cultivation in that country, 

 as well as of perfecting the teaching of applied zoology generally, and 

 applied entomology in particular, in the middle and higher agricultural 

 and professional schools. The author advocates a system of teaching 

 which would give the student the necessary amount of systematic 

 knowledge and acquaint him with the biology of the principal pests, 

 as well as with the present methods of controlling them. As an 

 illustration of his ideas on this subject, the author describes the 

 method of teaching adopted by him at the agricultural classes in 

 Petrograd, where the students, after having heard during the first 

 winter a course on theoretical zoology, study during the summer term, 

 by means of excursions, lectures and laboratory work, practical 

 methods of collecting, preserving and making biological observa- 

 tions on insects and other animals. During the second autumn 

 and winter terms, the lectures on zoology go hand in hand with practical 

 work in the laboratory, followed in the second summer term by 

 field investigations into the local fauna and the biology of pests. 



Of the several proposals put forward, the Congress adopted the 

 following : (1) Owing to the differences in the methods of teaching 

 theoretical and applied zoology, special readerships in both these 

 subjects ought to be created in the higher agricultural and forestry 

 schools ; (2) the teaching of applied entomology ought to be supple- 

 mented by lectures on special subjects, to be given by experts invited 

 for this purpose ; (3) that the time has arrived for the estabHshment 

 of a special Institute of Applied Zoology. 



TrOITZKY (N. K). }KM3Hb M fl-feflieJIbHOCTb BMUJHeBarO CJlOHMKa BTj 



TypKecTaHCKOMTj npat no Ha6nK)AeHiflM"b 1912 m 1913 rr. [The 

 life-history of Rhynchites aural us, Scop., in Turkestan, 

 according to observations in 1912 and 1913.] pp. 131-134. 



A short account is given of the life-history of Rhynchites auratus, 

 Scop., in Turkestan [see this Review, Series A, i, p. 438]. The weevils 

 appear at the beginning of April and attack first the blossoms of cheriy 

 trees, gnawing a hole in the side of the calyx and frequently penetrating 

 into and destroying the ovary. In 1913, 63-66 per cent, of the 

 blossoms were damaged in this way. Later, when the young fruits 

 appear, the beetles feed exclusively on them and the amount of fruit 



