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done in January and February. The eggs are deposited by the flies in 

 small pockets in the leaves and hatch after five or six days. The larvae 

 mine the leaves and are full grown after three or four weeks; they pupate 

 in the mines, the flies emerging after about 14 days. Both species also 

 occur on wild chrysanthenmm. The species preferably attacked are 

 C. fmtescens, indicum and hybridum, and the plants suffer greatly from 

 the attacks and become worthless, even if they do not succumb. Not 

 only the larvae, but also the females damage the plants, the latter 

 making frequent use of their ovipositors in order to wound the leaves 

 and get access to the juices. A nicotine spray called " jofurol " gave 

 good results against the eggs and the larvae. The Capsid bugs, Lygus 

 campestris, L., and L. pahulonim, Mey. [? pabulinus, L.], attack the 

 young shoots and buds, especially of C. indicum, causing deformation. 



VoGLixo (P.) & Savelli (M.). La diffusione della Prospaltella berlesei, 

 How., in Piemonte nell' anno 1914. [The spread of Prospaltella 

 berlesei, How., in Piedmont in 1914.] — R. Osservatorio Autonomo 

 di Fitopatologia, Turin, 1915, 8 pp. 



In order to ascertain the intensity of the parasitism of Aidacaspis 

 by Prospaltella berlesei, inspections were made in Piedmont from mid- 

 September 1914 up to early in January 1915. In general, good results 

 were obtained, and in some localities the scale may be held to be 

 destroyed. The best results are seen in cases where Anlacaspis 

 infestation has not yet reached a point where the mulberry is in 

 an advanced state of decline. By scraping the infested branches 

 before placing Prospaltella on them, the task of the parasite is greatly 

 lightened. Proper pruning at short intervals materially assists the 

 mulberry in resisting attack. The winter cold in Piedmont is not 

 injurious to Prospaltella. Satisfactory and immediate results can 

 only be obtained if the parasite is widely spread. Expert microscopic 

 examination of the parasitised material is necessary, as very often 

 the scales have died from other causes or have already been abandoned 

 by the Hymenopteron. Another active and widely distributed enemy 

 of the scale is the Coccinellid, Chilocorus bipustulatus, and measures 

 should be taken to protect it, especially its larvae, which have many 

 enemies. Natural control by means of Prospaltella can only be really 

 successful if directed by experts. 



Thompson (W. R.). Les conditions de la r6sistance des Insectes 

 parasites internes dans I'organisme de leurs hotes. [The conditions 

 of the resistance of internal parasitic insects in the organism of 

 their hosts. l—C. R. Soc. Biol, Paris, Ixxvii, (1914), no. 33, 8th 

 January 1915, pp. 562-564. 



The resistance offered by internal parasitic larvae, both dipterous 

 and hymenopterous, to the toxic and digestive diastases, is an aspect 

 of the adaptation of parasite to host which entomologists appear to 

 have hitherto neglected. The author has often verified PantePs 

 observation that the Tachinid, Compsilura concinnata, Meig., remains 

 during the larval life in the intestine of the insects which it attacks. 

 All the Tachinids which oviposit on the food of the host are exposed 



(C150) c2 



