252 



to the action of the digestive juice in the interval between hatching 

 and penetration into the body cavity of the host. This period is usually 

 short, but the author has noticed that the first stage larvae of Phorocera 

 sp., parasitic on Vanessa antiopa, L., remain fixed for four or five days 

 to the interior wall of the host's intestine by means of the numerous, 

 strong hooks on the anterior segments. On the other hand, Marchal 

 has studied the Proctotrupid, Polygnotus minutus, Lindm., the polyem- 

 bryonic development of which takes place in the mid-gut of Mayetiola 

 {Cecidomyia) destructor. Say. From the physiological point of view, 

 practically nothing is known of the life conditions of the ccslom- 

 infesting parasitic insects, but the following case is worthy of note. 

 Galerucella luteola, F. Muell., is infested in some parts of Europe by 

 the Tachinid, Erynnia nitida, Eond., of which Silvestri has studied 

 the biology. Hollande has shown that the blood of this beetle contains 

 a toxic principle which speedily kills the Carabid, Procrustes coriaceus, 

 if injected into the coelomic cavity ; subcutaneous injection will also 

 kill a lizard. According to Hollande this toxic principle is a diastase, 

 yet the parasite which feeds on the blood is not at all affected. 

 The nature of this immunity of insect parasites is unknown and the 

 question is one of considerable interest for the proper understanding 

 of the relation between entomophagous parasites and their hosts. 



Keilin (D.) & Thompson (W. R.). Sur le cycle 6volutif des Pipunculides 

 (Dipteres), parasites intracoelomiques des Typhlocybes (Homop- 

 teres). [The evolutive cycle of the Pipunculids (Diptera), intra- 

 coelomic parasites of Typhlocyba (Homoptera).] — C. R. Sac. Biol., 

 Paris, Ixxviii, no. 1, 22nd January 1915, pp. 9-12, 1 fig. 



In 1854, Boheman discovered the parasitic mode of life of a Pipun- 

 culid larva parasitising cicadas, and in 1889, Giard observed species of 

 Typhlocyba to be parasitised by Ateleneura spuria, Meig. Very little 

 is known of these Diptera, beyond the fact that they usually oviposit 

 in the bodies of Homoptera and may be employed in controlling some 

 species injurious to plants, such as sugar-cane. The material used 

 by the present authors was taken in the garden of the Luxembourg, 

 Paris, and in the neighbourhood of Cambridge. It includes Typhlocyba 

 rosea, T. hippocastafii and T. doriglasi attacked by Ateleneura spuria and 

 what is probably another Pipunculid. A description of the parasitic 

 larva is given. It is only when the latter has matured that it becomes 

 possible to distinguish between a parasitised TyjMocyba and a healthy 

 one. 



Tragardh (I.). Bidrag till kannedommen om spinnkvalstren {Tetra- 

 nychus, Duf.). [Contributions towards the knowledge of the 

 spinning-mites.] — Meddelande no. 109 fran Centralanstalten for 

 fdrsoksvdsendet pd jordbruksomrddet, Stockholm, Entom. Adveln. 

 no. 20, 1915. 



Of the five species as yet recorded from Sweden, two, Paratetranychus 

 pilosus, C. and F., and P. ununguis, Jac, hibernate in the egg stage, 

 the eggs being deposited in crevices on the branches of trees. In the 

 case of Tetranychus althaeae, v. Hanst., and T. telarms, L., the females 

 hibernate. In Sweden, spinning-mites have been recorded from the 



