266 



which the larvae had disappeared. All efforts to obtain pupae were 

 unsuccessful. The insect is believed to be one-brooded in Oregon 

 and the adults seem to emerge from the hibernating pupae in the soil. 

 A brief description of the adult, larva, and egg is given and the paper 

 concludes with a bibliography of 14 works. 



LovETT (A. L.). The Radish Weevil, a New Pest, Cleonus sparsus, Lee. ; 

 pp. 154-156, 1 plate. 



Radishes and turnips have been found infested by the grubs of 

 Cleonus sparsus, Lee, the adults of which probably feed normally on 

 the foliage of some native plant. The larvae tunnel inside the radish, 

 devouring the whole interior of a small plant. When mature, they 

 come to the exterior, work out a longitudinal groove on the side of 

 the radish, and cover it over with particles of earth glued together 

 forming a chamber. The eggs, which hatch out in July, are deposited 

 directly on the skin of the root. The first pupa was observed 

 on the 24th July, and the first adult on 4th August. Mature larvae 

 and pupae w^ere found in the field as late as 28th August, the grubs 

 being in the chamber on the side of the root. The majority of the 

 weevils observed in the field on 18th November are in these pupal 

 chambers, where they probably remain inactive until early spring. 

 An occasional empty cell indicates that a few beetles emerge in autumn. 

 This agrees very well with the habits of Bothynoderes (Cleonus) 

 punctiventris, the Russian sugar-beet pest. No control has been 

 attempted so far, as the food habits of the adult are as yet unknown. 

 The usual controls for B .punctiventris are enumerated, and a description 

 of the egg, larva, pupa, and adult of C. sparsus is given. Regarding 

 other species of Cleoniis, C. quadrilineatus has been recorded as breeding 

 on Arogallus lamherti in Colorado, C. canescens as injuring the buds 

 and foliage of young peach trees in Colorado, and C. calandroides, 

 which forms similar pupal chambers to C. sparsus, as attacking the 

 roots of Cakili edentula in Maryland. 



LovETT (A. L.). Clover Seed Injured by Midge, Basyneura legumini- 

 cola, Lint. ; pp. 157-158. 



From about Lebanon, Oregon, immature clover heads were received 

 which were swarming with the small salmon-pink maggots of the 

 Cecidomyid, Perrisia {Dasyneura) leguminicola (the clover seed midge), 

 although the field had been pastured in the early season, and clipped 

 off in early May, a practice which is usually a sufficient protection 

 against this insect. Where this pest is abundant, the clover heads 

 turn brown prematurely and appear blighted, and upon opening the 

 seed capsules, the maggots, which should not be mistaken for scarlet 

 red thrips, are exposed. The adults appear about the normal period 

 of blooming of the clover, in the opening florets of which its eggs are 

 laid. The maggot feeds in the unfertilised ovule until mature, when 

 it drops to the ground, and there spins a minute silk cocoon. The 

 second generation of midges is usually present about the time the 

 second or seed crop of clover begins to bloom ; the cocoons of this 

 generation are spun a little below ground and the winter is passed 

 in them. The most feasible method of reducing injury is afforded 

 by some practice which will change the normal time of blooming. 



