267 



All clover and lucerne along the fence rows and irrigation ditches 

 should receive attention, as they otherwise offer ideal breeding grounds 

 for the insect. Bruchophagus funebris, Haw., (the clover seed chalcid) 

 attacks the seed of both clover and lucerne, doing the more serious 

 injury to the latter in the eastern part of Oregon. There are two 

 generations, one for each crop of clover heads. Those of the second 

 pass the winter in the stored seed and emerge in spring. B. funebris 

 may be controlled by the same measures as P. leguminicola. 



LovETT (A. L.). Nematode Gallworms or Eelworms, Heterodera radici- 

 cola, Miill. ; pp. 159-165, 4 figs. 



Heterodera radicicola, Miill., attacks over 450 different plants. Notes 

 are given on its distribution, means of spread, injury, and control 

 measures [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, pp. 123 and 177]. During April, 

 a case of serious nematode injury to 48 tomato plants in a greenhouse 

 provided an opportunity for experimenting with formaldehyde (1 part 

 40 per cent, formaldehyde in 99 parts water) and ammonia water 

 (1 part concentrated commercial ammonia in 99 parts water). One 

 half of the frame of tomatoes was treated w^ith formaldehyde and the 

 other half with the ammonia water. Each plant was surrounded by 

 a small circular trench into which 1 gallon of solution was poured 

 and allowed to soak into the roots. The formaldehyde killed most 

 of the plants to which it was applied, whilst at the close of the test 

 most of those treated with ammonia water seemed entirely free from 

 the effects of nematode injury and to be growing well and producing 

 fruit. This success warrants further trials. In a great many cases 

 the annual replacing of infested soil in the greenhouse by fresh soil 

 will prove a useful practice. The old soil should be spread on a hard 

 road or other position where it can dry out without spreading the 

 trouble. Steam sterilisation is advocated where conditions permit the 

 installation of the necessary apparatus. A bibliography of seven works 

 concludes this article. 



LovETT (A. L.). Tipulid Work in Prune Wood. — Ctenophora angusti- 

 pennis, Loew; pp. 166-169, 1 fig., 1 plate. 



In March 1914, the larvae of Ctenopliora angustipennis were observed 

 tunnelling in the decayed wood of prune in an orchard near Corvallis. 

 Though secondary, the work of the Tipulid larv'ae would certainly aid 

 in killing the infested trees. The larval tunnels extend from above 

 downward with long curves ; they are from 8 to 26 inches in length, 

 from 1 to 2 1 inches in diameter, and nearly filled with frass. The 

 mature larvae and pupae were usually found at the bottom of the 

 tunnel. The work of the insect through the deadened wood affords 

 more ready entrance for the moisture from the winter rains. The 

 frass helps to hold this moisture and thus assists decay. An allied 

 species, C. apicata, O.S., was reported in 1909 from Maine, as working 

 in the decayed wood of the elm. There is probably one generation a 

 year. The adults appear during late March and April. The female 

 probably lives from 4 to 10 days and deposits from 200 to 400 eggs, 

 most Ukely in cracks in the dead wood. The larvae hatch out in 



