268 



from 9 to 17 days. The pupal stage lasts about 10 days. A description 

 is given of the various stages. While no control work has been under- 

 taken, it would appear that the careful dressing of wounds and the 

 painting over or otherwise protecting all large scars or bruises on trees 

 would be an advisable precautionary measure. 



LovETT (A. L.). The Tomato Worms, PhlegetJiontius sexta, Johan., 

 Phlegethontiusquinquemacul'ata, Haw. ; pp. 170-172, 1 fig., 1 plate. 



Two species of horn-worms, Protoparce {PhlegetJiontius) sexta, Johan., 

 (the tomato worm), and P. quinquemacnlata, Haw. (the tobacco 

 worm), attack tomato and potato foliage in Oregon. Usually of no 

 special economic importance, these insects caused more or less serious 

 injury in various parts of the State in 1914, and in some cases large 

 areas of potatoes were defoliated and whole plantings of tomatoes were 

 practically ruined. Tomato, potato, egg-plant, tobacco, and various 

 other Solanaceae form the major part of the food of these caterpillars. 

 Specimens of P. sexta, received from Salem, Oregon, were reported as 

 feeding on cherry foliage, and others of P. quinquemaculata were 

 collected near Redmond, feeding on poplar. Hand-picking of the 

 caterpillars, or knocking them into a pan full of soapsuds, are useful 

 measures where their numbers are limited. Otherwise, dusting with 

 acid arsenate of lead must be resorted to [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 ii, p. 602]. Deep ploughing in autumn or early spring will destroy 

 many larvae hibernating at a depth of from 2 to 4 inches. Turkeys 

 allowed to range over an infested field will do efficient service. From 

 Specimens of P. quinquemaculata larvae sent in this summer a great 

 number of Tachinid flies emerged. These have been identified as 

 Sturmia inquinata, Wied. Mature caterpillars have been found 

 parasitised by A-panteles congregalus, and they are also attacked by a 

 bacterial disease. 



Qentner (L. G.). The Antique or Rusty Tussock Moth, Notolophus 

 antiqua, Linn. ; pp. 173-180, 1 fig., 1 plate. 



In the course of an investigation into the life-history and contro 

 of Orgyia {Notolophus) antiqua, L. (the antique or rusty tussock 

 moth), the development of a third complete generation from one of 

 the egg-masses used in the laboratory was observed, and evidence of 

 apparently parthenogenetic development was obtained, though 

 Barnard's statement that all members of winter broods are females, was 

 found to be incorrect. This moth was probably introduced into the 

 United States from Europe on imported fruit trees, and has gradually 

 spread through the northern States from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 

 also into Canada. The larvae feed upon the foliage of almost every kind 

 of tree, shrub, or herbaceous plant, both in Europe and America. In 

 Oregon, it feeds principally on apple, pear, cherry, and other fruit 

 trees. Two parasites of this pest, a Tachinid and the Ichneumon, 

 Pimpla inquisitor, were reported by Woods in 1906, the latter parasite 

 being said to destroy whole colonies in the pupal stage. Telenomus 

 orgyiae attacks the eggs, and duiing 1914 a number of the female pupae 

 at Corvallis were found infested by the larvae of the Pteromalid, 

 Dihrachys boucheanus, Ratz. In winter the egg-masses may be easily 



