270 



lying west of the Rocky Mountains and has also been recorded as 

 feeding on lucerne, garden peas, mallow, cabbage, barley, elder and 

 dock. There are apparently three complete generations a year. 

 Five hymenopterous and two dipterous parasites including the 

 Tachinid, Plagia atnericana, Wulp, normally keep this pest under 

 complete control. Natural control is highly satisfactory with most 

 field crops, but with garden produce, especially with vegetables of 

 the lettuce type, the position is different, as even a very short 

 attack renders lettuce useless. The following control methods are 

 suggested : — The time of the insect's flight being determined by means 

 of light traps — which are reported by most authors to attract the 

 moths in large numbers — arsenicals in the form of dust or spray may 

 be used against the young larvae which hatch from the eggs deposited 

 by the adults. The insecticide must be applied as soon after the eggs 

 hatch as possible and to do this a close watch must be kept on the 

 garden. For lettuce, the best results will probably be obtained by 

 using a good dust gun in the morning while the dew is still on the 

 fohage. Arsenate of lead, lib., and wood ashes (sifted), 20 lb., is a 

 good dust mixture. Should the pest become troublesome the following 

 formula, which is satisfactory in controlling the cabbage looper, is 

 worthy of trial : Arsenate of lead, 1 lb., resin soap, 3 lb., water 50 U.S. 

 gals (41i Impl.), This spray should not be applied after the develop- 

 ment of the head is well advanced, or just before cutting time. The 

 burning or ploughing under of all materials about infested fields will 

 destroy many hibernating insects. This valuable measure should 

 be carried out before 1st March. 



[/' Wilson (H. F.) & Childs (L.). The Rose Leaf-Hopper as a Fruit Pest, 

 Empoa rosae, L. (A Preliminary Report) ; pp. 189-194, 5 figs. 



The preliminary investigation of Empoa rosae, L. (the rose leaf- 

 hopper) has shown that this insect, which normally feeds on rose and 

 has not heretofore been considered of economic importance, is a serious 

 pest of apple, strawberry, and several cane fruits. It evidently may 

 be found throughout a greater portion of the temperate regions of 

 North America, and has occasionally been noted feeding on apple 

 foliage, but never sufficiently to warrant control. In the Pacific 

 North-west it is, however, of primary importance as a pest of apple 

 and strawberry, and to a less degree, of blackberry, loganberry, rasp- 

 berry, and Crataegus. Adults have also been found feeding on the 

 leaves of several other trees and shrubs, including cherry, prune, elm, 

 oak, and currant. It would appear that these plants offer temporary 

 food for the migrating forms in the absence of something more favour- 

 able. The rose is its favourite food-plant and is often attacked in 

 such numbers that the development of the flowers is prevented. 

 The chief injury is caused by the insects sucking the juices from the 

 leaves. Yellowish, nearly circular spots on the under surface of the 

 leaf are the first signs of injury. In several localities the leaves dropped 

 prematurely in August. Another form of injury is the curling of the 

 younger leaves, resembling greatly the characteristic injury of the 

 green apple aphis. A third injury is due to the egg pmictures made 

 by the females in ovipositing. The winter is passed for the most part 

 in the egg-stage on a variety of plants, such as wild and cultivated 



