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roses, apple trees, strawberries, blackberry canes, etc. It is also likely 

 that some of the adults live through the winter. The eggs hatch in 

 the spring and the young nymphs find their way to the leaves of various 

 food-plants and begin feeding. These nymphs reach the adult stage 

 during June and July, and lay their eggs in the leaves of apple and 

 possibly other plants. The adults from this generation of eggs reach 

 maturity in the early autumn and produce the hibernating eggs. 

 The nymph, adult, and egg are described. This insect has several 

 insect and spider enemies, amongst which a very minute hymenop- 

 terous egg-parasite plays an important part. The larva of a green 

 lacewing, Chrysojja sp., probably califomica, preys upon the smaller 

 nymphs, but occurs in such limited numbers as to be of little import- 

 ance. A large dragonfly and a large Scatophagid fly have been 

 captured feeding upon adult leaf -hoppers. Pruning will remove the 

 eggs deposited towards the tips of the branches, but the remainder 

 must be destroyed in some other way, perhaps with oil emulsions, 

 but tobacco sprays promise to be the most practical. The time and 

 method of application are, however, important factors. As the insects 

 feed from the under side of the leaves, the spray must be adjusted 

 so that the under side will receive a thorough coating of spray. The 

 nymphs are more easily destroyed than the adults, as they cannot fly 

 up and escape. A good formula is, Black Leaf 40, 1 in 1,500 ; whale 

 oil soap, 1 lb. ; water, 50 U.S. gals. (41| ImpL). 



Wilson (H. R). Minor Insect Pests ; pp. 195-202, 8 figs. 



The large, white grub of the Longicorn beetle, Prionus californicus, 

 Mots., is found feeding on the small roots and the bark of the larger 

 roots, of fruit trees, mostly in new ground where oak and fir stumps 

 have not been entirely removed. The grubs may be found for a 

 number of years after the orchard is started. The presence of this 

 pest is usually unrecognised until dead trees have been taken out and 

 the injury noticed on the roots. This usually occurs on trees from one 

 to five years old. There is practically no way to deal with these grubs 

 in the ground without treating the entire orchard, at a great and, in 

 many cases, a useless cost, for they cannot be reached except with 

 gases or repellents, and the latter do not seem to be effective. In 

 cases where orchards are to be set out in land that has recently been 

 in timber, it is suggested that pigs be pastured there, as they will 

 destroy all of these grubs they find. 



The bud weevils, Sciopithes obscurus, Horn, Paraptochus sellatus, 

 Boh., Thricolepis inornata, Horn, sometimes appear on fruit trees 

 in immense numbers and feed on the fohage and newly opened buds. 

 The comparative damage is small on large trees, but very young ones 

 may be seriously injured. Practically nothing is known of the life- 

 history of the bud weevils, the adults being the only stage yet known. 

 Arguing from closely related species, it is inferred that the larvae live 

 in or on the roots of certain plants. Spraying is not practical, but a 

 cheap and effective preventive would be to place some adhesive 

 substance around the tree. Printer's ink would probably be the best 

 for this ; a special preparation for the purpose is being made by the 

 makers of " Tanglefoot " and may prove very efiective. In the cool 



