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of the day the tree should be jarred, when the insects will fall to the 

 ground. The preventive may then be applied. 



The bud click-beetle, Limonius discoideus, Lee, is one of the more 

 serious of the insect pests of the North-west for which no immediate 

 means of control are apparent. The chief injury is done to young 

 trees, one to four years old, and pears seem to suffer more than 

 others, although apples, plums, cherries, etc., are attacked to some 

 extent. The adults feed on the half -opened leaf -buds in the spring, 

 and ultimately cause stunting and deformity in the trees. Two years 

 are probably required for the insect to pass through its complete life- 

 history. The adults emerge in the spring about the time the leaf 

 buds of pears are opening, and are abundant for three or four weeks. 

 The females lay their eggs on or in the ground, and the young larvae 

 feed on the roots of weeds and grasses. Arsenate of lead in strengths 

 much greater than is necessary to kill other insects seems to have no 

 effect on them. Cultural methods for the destruction of the larvae 

 in the ground in and around the orchard would seem to offer the best 

 means of relief, as they develop in large numbers in all orchard land that 

 is left to produce vegetation of any kind in between the trees. 



Though the blossom fly, Bibio nervosiis, Lw., has often been 

 reported as causing severe injury in the early spring when fruit trees 

 are in blossom, and numerous field observations and microscopic 

 studies of this insect and its mouth-parts have been made, the authors 

 are unable to find any evidence of its causing the slightest injury. 

 On the contrary it must be considered beneficial in that it distributes 

 pollen from one blossom to another. A miner working under the skin 

 of the apple, but not considered a serious pest at present, has been 

 observed in various parts of the United States and specimens of this 

 injury have been sent in from Western Oregon. So far as known to 

 the authors, nothing has been ascertained regarding its habits, it has 

 never been reared, and has not been given a scientific name. Aphis 

 cerasi, F., (black cherry aphis) has for years been doing great damage 

 to young trees, and spraying and dipping have not proved very 

 successful. On the newly grafted parts the aphids may cause all kinds 

 of deformity. A simple method of controlling this pest on first- 

 season grafted or budded trees has been devised. It was noticed 

 that where the scion was fastened on to the older stock, the top 

 of the old tree was cut away before the aphids hatched out. 

 The first generation, then, comes from eggs deposited on the 

 stocks below the scion. In every case a number of buds appeared 

 below the graft, and the newly hatched aphids collected on 

 these. They were then easily destroyed by pinching off the 

 buds on which they had settled. Two apple and pear Mem- 

 bracids, Stictocephala inermis, F., and Ceresa basalis, F., are quite 

 common in and near the Willamette Valley. The injury done by 

 these two leaf -hoppers is not serious, as the wounds heal up without 

 leaving dead areas between the slits, as in the case of other species. 

 Control measures are not considered necessary. Diabrotica soror, Lee, 

 has already been reported as feeding on fruit trees and may 

 possibly become a serious fruit pest, as well as a pest of garden 

 and field crops. In the summer of 1914, prompt action probably 

 stamped out at the initial point an outbreak of Leptinotarsa decem- 

 lineata, Say, in Union County. 



