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SvjAToviTCH-BiELiKovA (A. V.). OiMeTi) pa6oTax"b Bi» 1914 roAy. 

 [Report on the work in 1914.] — « 0T4eT"b fltflienbHOCTM 

 3HTOMonorM4ecKaro Bwpo aa 1913-19 14 r.r.» [Report on the 

 work of the Entomological Bureau (of Kaluga) in 1913-1914.] 

 'Published by the Zemstvo of the govt, of Kaluga, Kaluga, 1914, 

 pp. 89-106. [Received 4th May 1915.] 



The author reports on the work which she has carried out in the 

 fruit-growing district of the government of Kaluga. The necessary 

 appliances and insecticides were supplied free by the Zemstvo at a 

 total cost of about £40, while the peasants midertook to carry out all 

 the work required. The chief pest of fruit trees is Ajioria crataegi, L., 

 the caterpillars of which began to issue from the winter nests on 

 3rd May. Pupation started on 24th May ; about 4 per cent, of 

 caterpillars were parasitised by Ajxinteles sp. and another 4 per cent, 

 died from unknown causes. It was thought that the small percentage 

 of caterpillars infested with the parasite is due to the action of the 

 peasants, who destroy the cocoons of the parasites, which they regard 

 as offspring of the caterpillars. The percentage of pupae infested with 

 Pwipla and other parasites was 33 ; another 15 per cent, did not 

 produce imagines from unknown causes. The imagines appeared on 

 9th Jmie, and oviposited on apple, pear, thorn, plum, cherry, medlar 

 and service trees. The new brood of caterpillars emerged on 10th July 

 and skeletonised the leaves, which, however, did but little harm to 

 the trees ; after a week the caterpillars moulted and soon afterwards 

 prepared their winter-nests. The campaign against these pesls 

 has been carried on in the district since 1910, principally by 

 removing and destroying the winter-nests, better results being obtained 

 when this is done in autumn, as otherwise the nests blown down by 

 the wind remain in safety till the spring. In the year under report, 

 belts of adhesive material were laid on 14,430 trees, the total cost 

 amounting to about £30. They were made from parchment paper, 

 tied with raffia, and the cost of a single belt was about hd. Experiments 

 conducted with tanglefoot and some glue of Russian manufacture 

 proved the good qualities of the former. 



The larvae of Psijlla malt, Forst., appeared on 8th May, and after 

 2 or 3 days they penetrated into the buds, where they remained till 

 the unfolding of the leaves ; the nymphs were noticed on 17th May 

 and the winged adults on 29tli of that month. The campaign against 

 them was conducted chiefly by fumigating with tobacco dust, which 

 was carried out on an area of 94| acres. The adults of Anthonomus 

 pomonmi appeared on 3rd May, and were specially numerous in those 

 orchards where they were present in the previous year, showing that 

 the weevils, having emerged from the buds, remain over the winter 

 near their place of origin. The larvae appeared on 19th May, pupation 

 stai-ted on 30th May and the weevils emerged on 19th June. The 

 control of these pests consisted in spraying and coating the trunks 

 with hme and applying trap belts. The caterpillars of Cheimatobia 

 hrumata were noticed inside the buds of trees in the middle of May, 

 where they remained till the end of that month, when they emerged 

 and attacked the leaves, and the stamens and pistils of the flowers ; 

 pupation took place in the earth after 9th June. Spraying with Paris 

 green, 3f-5 oz., and double that amount of hme in 27 gallons of water. 



