326 



first choice, then orange, then tangerine. A. howardi seems to be 

 almost confined to citrus, though it has also been reported on mango 

 and guava. A Chalcid parasite of A. hoivardi was found at Lakeland 

 and Tampa. The red Aschersonia has been found on this species, but 

 does not infect it readily. Early larval stages yield readily to miscible 

 oil sprays, but this method has little eft'ect on the late larval and pupal 

 stages, on account of the protection afforded by the collection of 

 honey dew. 



With regard to other citrus insects : — Icerya purchasi (the cottony 

 cushion scale) was reported first from Tampa in 1911 ; since then it 

 has spread eastward. Leptofhrips floridensis was found under the loose 

 bark on a small tree in the Station grounds. Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis 

 was observed on orange trees under glass. The Chrysomelid, Trirhabda 

 hrevicollis, was found damaging grape-fruit and prickly-ash trees. The 

 insects were controlled by Bordeaux mixture. 



In July 1912, velvet beans in the Station grounds were attacked 

 by the grass-worm, Laphygma frugiperda, and by the velvet bean 

 caterpillar, Anticarsia gemniatilis. The latter is parasitised by an 

 entomogenous fungus, which, in many cases, controls it ; during dry 

 weather, however, the Anticarsia nearly destroys the crop. Arsenicals 

 have to be employed in such cases ; since velvet beans are sensitive 

 to these, experiments were conducted to determine the maximum 

 quantity which could be used and the efficiency of this quantity in 

 controlling Anticarsia. It was found that, in August, 6 oz. of zinc 

 arsenite to 40 U.S. gals., with 6 to 12 oz. of Ume, did not seriously 

 injure the beans, but this strength did not kill all the caterpillars. In 

 December a pound could be used without harm to the plant. In the 

 spring of the next year young seedlings were found to be able to 

 withstand a considerably greater amount. Cryptotkrips florideyisis, a 

 newly recognised pest of camphor, was discovered on camphor leaves 

 in Satsuma, in November 1912. The eggs are laid between the scales 

 of the terminal buds, the developing bud being either deformed or 

 killed by the larvae. The young twigs are then attacked ; the bark 

 dries up and cracks, thus providing an entrance to the cambium, where 

 more eggs are laid. The adults, though winged, are incapable of flight, 

 and are probably spread by contact with men or horses, or by crawling 

 over the ground. Since camphor is not native to Florida it is doubtful 

 whether the insect is a native species or has been imported with 

 the camphor trees. The pest can be controlled by spraying with 

 a solution of a half gallon (U.S.) of whale-oil soap, a half gallon (U.S.) 

 of commercial lime-sulphur and a half pound of Black Leaf 40 to 

 50 U.S. gals, of water, while the larvae are still in the buds or outside 

 the twigs. [See this Review, Ser. A, i, p. 512.] 



Caterpillars of the Hyponomeutid, Urodus (Trichostibas) parvula, 

 were received from Seabreeze, where they were defoliating bay trees, 

 and kept under observation. Loosely woven, stalked cocoons were 

 formed, from which the adult emerged in about 10 days. Eggs were laid 

 at once ; larvae hatched out in the early spring. There seemed to be 

 about eight generations in the course of the year. The moths crawl up 

 the trunks of tree^ to lay their eggs ; the larvae are very active, and can 

 therefore be partly controlled by banding the trees. Spraying with lead 

 arsenate, 7 or 8 lb. to 50 U.S. gals, of water, has been found effective. An 

 ^.ccount of the first destructive brood of Laphygtna frugiperda (the fall 



