340 



investigations of the Poltava Station, the loss caused by this fly amounts 

 to 50 per cent. The larvae closely resemble those of Oscinella (Oscinis) 

 frit, but with a microscope it may be observed that whereas the 

 mandibles of the latter fly have five or six serrations, those of Chlorops 

 taeniopus have as many as 16. The cocoons are found towards the 

 end of June, the adults appearing about 28th June — i.e., before the 

 barley harvest. They live in the open until the germination of winter- 

 sown crops, on which oviposition takes place, as well as on sprouted 

 fallen grain. The eggs are mostly laid on the upper leaf of the plants 

 and the emerging larvae devour the inner shoot and winter in the 

 stem of the root ; they pupate in spring and the resulting imagines 

 oviposit on summer-sown grain, mostly barley, but also rye, wheat and 

 less frequently oats ; in the absence of crops, they breed on weeds. 

 Owing to the hot and dry summers in that climate, they are unable 

 to multiply on winter-sown crops, but in spring, before the hot 

 weather has set in and moisture is sufficient, they are very destructive 

 to summer-sown crops ; in countries with a moderate and wet summer 

 they are injurious both to summer and winter-sown crops. In 

 Bkaterinoslav this pest is checked by a parasite of the larvae. The 

 destxuction of stubble by means of deep ploughing and scarifying ; 

 the destruction of weeds on the boundaries, roads, etc. ; regular 

 rotation of crops and black fallow ; manuring and careful cultiva- 

 tion of the soil, enabling the plants to withstand the attack, are all 

 recommended. 



Ott» KypcKoii TyBepHCKOM SeMCKOM YnpaBbi. [From the Uprava 

 (Executive) of the Zemstvo of the govt, of Kursk]. 



This circular announces the establishment of the Entomological 

 Bureau of the Zemstvo of the government of Kursk, the objects of 

 which include scientific research into the hfe-histories of local pests, 

 the measures to be taken against them and the popularisation of 

 knowledge amongst the agricultural population. The circular invites 

 the public to report the occurrence of pests to the Bureau. 



VosTRiKOv (P.). rioiiMAopbi, KaKTj MHceHTMCMflbr. PoHb nacneHOBbix-b 

 BTi 6opb6t C"b opeflMTenflMM cenbCHaro xoanMCTea. [Tomatoes as 

 insecticides. The importance of Solanaceae in the control of pests 

 of Agriculture.] — « Xo3flMCTBO Ha f\OHy.» [Husbandry on the 

 Don], Novotcherkassk, x, no. 1, 31st January 1915, pp. 9-12. 



Eeference is made to the effects of tomatoes, when planted with 

 cabbages, in protecting the latter from attack by Pieris brassicae. 

 Observations were made in the province of Terek, w^here the planting 

 of tomatoes always accompanies that of cabbages, and it is pointed 

 out that the cabbages there are never attacked by P. brassicae and 

 P. rapae or even by Baratlira {Mamestra) brassicae, Phyllotreta atra, 

 P. nemorum, P. cruciferae or Plutella macrdipennis (cruciferarum) ; 

 tomatoes are not, however, effective against Aphis brassicae. According 

 to Vitkovsky, in the government of Volhynia the coarse tobacco known 

 as " machorka " is sown round gooseberry bushes to protect them 

 from Sphaerotheca mors-uvae. It is considered probable that other 

 representatives of the family Solanaceae may possess the same valuable 

 qualities. 



