342 



R. aequinoctialis, Hbst., LefJinis ajjterus, Lax., Anisoplia austriaca, 

 Hbst., Phylax (Dendarvs) fxnctatus, Serv., Opatnim sahulosum, L., 

 Psalidium maxillosum, F., Bothynoderes (Cleonns) punctiventris, Germ., 

 B.foveicoUis, Gebl., Mecaspis alternans, Hbst., Cyphodeonus tigrinvs, 

 Panz., Odorrhynchvs ligvstici, L., Lixus sp., Dorcadion equestre, Lax. ; 

 the Pentatomid bugs, Aelia acuminata, L., A. rostrata, Bch., and 

 Paloynena prasina, L. ; Tipulidae and a species of Agrofis. It is 

 therefore concluded that rooks are very useful in the district investi- 

 gated, and deserve protection. 



EoDD (E.). PaanHoweHie Ha cocHt flpoBoctKa Momchamus bt, 

 flanaxij AniaiiiCKaro onpyra. [The multiplication of Monochamus 

 on pines in the woods of the Altai district.] — «J1'^CH0M 

 }KypHan"b.» [Forestry Journal], xhv, 1914, nos. G-7, pp. 1048- 

 1064. 



This article on the beetles of the genus Monochamus gives only 

 such observations as are at variance with those described by 

 Pomerantzev (Biological Observations on Tree-eating Insects near 

 the Town of Velsk, Government of Vologda, in 1901 and 1902 {Forestry 

 Journal, 1907, No. 10) ). In the steppe woods of the Altai districts 

 three species are widely distributed — viz., Monochamus sutor, L., 

 M. galloprovincialis, 01., and M. quadrmiaculatus. Mots. (In a note 

 the writer of the abstract says that in the mountains of Altai a fourth 

 species, M. saltuarius, Gebl., may be taken, and possibly two more, 

 M. impluviatus. Mots., and M. guttatus, Bles., occur.) In the absence 

 of firs, all the species breed successfully on pines. The duration 

 of the generations does not always last two years. The author 

 hardly ever observed burrows parallel to the axis of the trunk, 

 as recorded by Pomerantzev. With few exceptions, they were 

 made perpendicular to the axis. The differences in the direction of 

 the burrows is explained by the fact that the observations of Pomer- 

 antzev refer to windfallen timber, while these observations refer 

 exclusively to burned woods, attacked when the trees were still 

 standing. Monochamus only attacks dead timber, most of the dead 

 trees in the Altai district resulting from forest fires. The large number 

 of dead trees has resulted in a great increase of Monochamus, and in 

 one small area 73| per cent, were infested. The infested trees are 

 sold as fuel and not as timber, which greatly decreases their value. 

 The effects of the larvae of Monochamus in transforming timber into 

 fuel have caused damage to the local timber industry amounting to 

 at least £8,000. The chief enemies of the larvae are woodpeckers, 

 especially Picus martius. Removal of damaged trees is not considered 

 practicable. A better measure is the early felling of the trees damaged 

 by the fires, especially by the spring and summer ones, and the removal 

 of their bark without delay, so as to prevent oviposition and to destroy 

 the eggs already laid underneath the bark and the emerged larvae. 

 The larvae frequently survive as much as three months in water in 

 floating trees, the only consequence being a delay in their development. 

 In these cases the one-yearly generation is transformed into a two-yearly 

 one. 



