353 



sealing material, but Mr. Headlee, using the same preparation, found 

 that the bark of the trees died beneath it. Mr. W. E. Rumsey, 

 experimenting in West Virginia, sprayed the young borers with 

 Avenarius carbohneum emulsion and also " Orchard Brand " miscible 

 oil. The soil was removed from the base of the tree and the trunk 

 sprayed from 6-8 inches above the general surface to the bottom of 

 the cavity formed ; the soil was then replaced. The sprays were 

 appUed in October and the trees examined in the following June. 

 The control trees showed an average of 5 borers to a tree ; with the 

 miscible oil, the average was one per tree, with the carbohneum 

 emulsion less than one per tree. The spray had therefore penetrated 

 the bark, without causing any apparent injury to the tree. 



Deax (G. a.) & KvBOURS (R. K.). A New Air-Conditioning Apparatus. 



— Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, viii, no. 1, February 1915, pp. 107- 



111, 2 pis., 6 charts. 

 This is a description of an apparatus for the control of moisture 

 and temperature on a large scale, in supplying air under constant and 

 regular conditions to incubators and breeding chambers for zoological 

 work. The total cost of the apparatus including the breeding chamber 

 and installation is about £350. 



How-\ED (L. 0.). U.S. Bur. Entom. Notes on the Progress of 

 Economic Entomology. — JL Econ. Entom., Concord, viii, no. 1, 

 February 1915, pp. 113-119. 



From the time when General W. G. Le Due took office as United 

 States Commissioner of Agriculture in 1877, the expansion of the 

 Department has been remarkable. It has now become the greatest 

 research organisation in the world ; every State has its agricultural 

 experiment station and almost all have an agricultural college 

 giving instruction in general and economic entomology. The founding 

 of state experiment stations and the introduction of various plant 

 pests have been responsible for a great increase in the number of 

 working entomologists and the realisation of the importance of the 

 work. Excellent teaching is being carried on at all the colleges. 

 In its international aspects, economic entomology is rapidly developing. 

 The Association of Economic Entomologists has elected to its member- 

 ship official entomologists of foreign countries, thus bringing about 

 a universal exchange of publications. The Imperial Bureau of 

 Entomology of Great Britain has founded a series of scholarships in 

 economic entomology. The passing of the Federal Horticultural Law 

 in 1912 has brought America into relation with the plant inspection 

 services of other countries. A Congress at Rome, in 1914, attempted 

 to harmonise laws and bring about a uniform system among the 

 different countries. The work of the past few years has increased the 

 beUef that the most thorough biological study of eveiy injurious form 

 is necessary. The tendency to break up the science of economic 

 entomology into "phytopathology," in so far as insects affect plant 

 life, and " parasitology," where insects directly affect men and animals, 

 seems one which should be avoided. It is also obvious that plant 

 pathology and economic entomology are unrelated in their basic 



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