358 



The two methods could be advantageously combined ; mfested 

 fruit could be collected daily and thrown into a tank of water, and 

 when a suiiicient amount has accumulated, it could be buried. This 

 would do away with the daily ploughing or digging of trenches, filling 

 in, and tramping of the soil, but in large orchards, the daily gathering 

 of infested fruit would be rather expensive on account of the labour 

 involved. 



GiRAULT (A. A.). Some Chalcidoid Hymenoptera from North Queensland. 



— Cavadian Entomologist, London, Out., xlvii, no. 2, February 

 1915, pp. 42-48. 



The following new species are described, each from a smgle female ; 

 the genera Etirydinotoniorpha and Erotolepsiella also being new : 

 Elasmus margiscutelluni and E. orientalis (Elasmidae) ; Chalcitelloides 

 nigritliorax (Chalcididae) ; Agaon nigriventre (Agaonidae) ; 

 Eurydinotomorpha pax (Pteromalidae) ; Erotolepsiella bifasciata 

 (Miscogasteridae) ; and N eomegastignius collaris, N. jjetiolatus, 

 Philotrypesis longiventris and Sycoscaptelki angeki (Callimomidae). 



Caesar (L.). Deformed Apples and the Causes. — Canadian Entomolo- 

 gist, Londoti, Ont., xlvii, no. 2, February 1915, pp. 49-54, 4 figs. 



This popular article briefly examines the causes of apple deformation, 

 the chief insects implicated being the plum curculio [Conotrachelus 

 nemi'pliar\ apple curculio [Anihononi'xs quadrigibbus], the apple maggot 

 or railroad worm [Rhagoletis pomoneUa], leaf-rollers, green fruit-worms, 

 aphids and the Capsids, Heterocordylus malinus, Lygidea mendax, 

 Nevrocolpns nubilus, Paracalocoris colon and Lygns invitus. 



Spray mixtures, especially Bordeaux, sometimes injure a part of 

 the epidermis of the young fruit, and if the injury be sufficiently deep, 

 mterrupt the growth of that side and so cause deformity. 



Caesar (L.). An Imported Red Spider attacking Fruit Trees. — 



Canadiayi Entomologist, London, Ont., xlvii, no. 2, February 1915, 

 pp. 57-58, 2 figs. 



The author had for some time suspected that the red spider 

 so common on fruit trees in Ontario was not Tetranyckns bimaculatus, 

 and when, in September 1912, specimens were sent to the U.S. Bureau 

 of Entomology, they were determined as T. pilosus. This is a European 

 species, which attacks fruit trees, and its relationship to T. mytilaspidis, 

 which feeds chiefly on oranges, is very close, if they are not identical. 

 Besides the anatomical and colour differences, which are given, T. pilosus 

 dift'ers from T. bimacnlatus in that it passes the winter as an egg, 

 deposited in the axils of the twigs and branches, while T. bimaculatus 

 winters as an adult in the ground or in sheltered hiding places. The 

 latter species feeds largely on the lower surface of the leaf beneath 

 a fine silken web in or under the protection of which it lays its eggs ; 

 T. pilosus feeds and oviposits on both surfaces, and makes no web, 

 but fastens its eggs by a few fine silken threads to the leaf or twig in 

 which they are laid. European plums are by far the favourite host 

 plants of T. pilosus, apples being next and then sour cherries. Peaches 



