369 



and Hymenopteroiis parasites. Of the Tachinids, Winihemia quadri- 

 pustidata deposits its eggs in the larva, and Pliryxe (Exorista) vulgaris, 

 Phorocera claripeiinis, and Wagneria sequax have been reared from the 

 adult. Among the Braconids, several species of Ajjanteles are useful 

 parasites. The eggs of various Ichneumons, I. canadensis, I. laetus, 

 I. leucaniae, Paniscus geminatus, and Pimplidea pedalis, are laid in 

 the larva of the host. The most important predaceous enemies are 

 ground beetles of the genus Calosoma, various birds, toads and skunks. 

 Bacterial and fungus diseases are known. The most effective artificial 

 method of control is trench digging ; the trenches should be 14 inches 

 deep, ^\ith post-holes 1-2 feet deep at intervals of 15 feet. The side 

 next the crop should be vertical. Many caterpillars are trapped in the 

 post-holes and can be destroyed in coal-oil. Poisoned bran mixture, 

 scattered thinly over the field, has had verv^ good results in New 

 Brunswick. Sprapng with Paris green or lead arsenate should be 

 carried out in front of the hue of march of the caterpillars and is only 

 satisfactory where the fohage is dense and an area 4 or 5 rods wide 

 is sprayed. In the autumn following a severe outbreak, old grass 

 and stubble should be burnt over and then deeply ploughed, in order 

 to destroy young hibernating larvae. The adults are readily attracted 

 by the sugar-bait used in the collection of Noctuid moths. The recent 

 outbreaks in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and 

 Manitoba, are also described. 



Britton (W. E.). & Davis (J. W.). Gypsy Moth control work in 1914. 



—Kept. Connecticut Agric. Expt. Sta., 1914, New Haven, 1915, 



pp. 129-134, 1 fig. 



The control work during 1914, consisted of the inspection of various 



locahties, the collection of egg-masses, larvae and cocoons, and the 



banding of infested trees with tanglefoot or burlap. In some cases 



trees were sprayed mth an insecticide or pruned. Colonies of Calosoma 



beetles were imported into two districts. The present infestation in 



Connecticut is on the edge of the large gipsy moth area covering 



Rhode Island, eastern Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine ; 



hence the future methods of control ^\^ll necessarily be somewhat 



different from those employed in the past. 



Britton (W. E.) & Davis (J. W.). Suppression Work against the 

 Brown-Tail Moth in \%\^.^Rept. Connecticut Agric. Expt. Sta., 

 1914, New Haven, 1915, pp. 135-142, 1 fig. 

 Owing to the spread of Euproctis chrysorrhoea during the last two 



years, it has become impossible to inspect the entire State. The 



work during 1914 has been hmited to the towns just east and west 



of the government quarantine line. 



LowRY (Q. S.). The Cabbage Root Maggot, Phorbia brassicae, Bouch6. 



—Rept. Connecticut Agric. Expt. Sta., 1914, New Haven, 1915, 



pp. 142-152, 3 figs., 4 plates. 



The cabbage root maggot, Chortophila (Phorbia) brassicae, was 



introduced into America from Europe during the last century and at 



the present time is found in almost every State. It is confined to 



{C172) ^ 



