370 



cruciferous plants. Among the natural enemies are a Hymenopterous 

 parasite of the genus Trybliographa, the Staphylinid beetle, Aleochara 

 anthomyiae, a species of Trombidium, and an Ichneumon, Alysia 

 manducator. In the artificial control of the pest, clean culture, rotation 

 of crops and autumn ploughing are advisable. Tarred paper disks 

 placed round the plant at the soil level will prevent the adult from 

 reaching the ground to deposit eggs. Crude carbolic acid emulsion, 

 consisting of 1 lb. hard soap or 1 qt. soft soap, 1 gal. boiling water and 

 1 pt. crude carbolic acid, has been found most effective in experimental 

 work. Carbon bisulphide poured into the soil two or thee inches from 

 the plant is also satisfactory ; the liquid must not come into direct 

 contact with the roots. Kerosene emulsion, consisting of 2 gals, 

 kerosene, | lb. soap and 1 gal. water is effective, but needs two or three 

 appHcations. A solution of corrosive sublimate, at the rate of 4 oz. 

 to 55 gals, water, has been successfully used. 



Britton (W. E,) & LowRY (Q. S.). Field Experiments in controlling 

 the Cabbage Root Maggot in 1914. — Rept. Connecticut Ayr ic. Expt- 

 Sta., 1914, New Haven, 1915, pp. 152-157. 



The following substances were used in the experiments against 

 Chortophila brassicae, tarred paper disks, sludge (residue from the 

 manufacture of lime-sulphur mixture), kerosene emulsion, crude 

 carbolic acid emulsion, naphthalene, fish oil, sirenia oil and cresol. In 

 the experiments at New Haven, tarred paper disks and carbolic acid 

 emulsion were most effective, kerosene emulsion least so. Sludge, 

 apphed as a paste around the roots of the plant, was very useful against 

 this pest and also against cutworms. The use of sirenia oil mixed 

 with sawdust and scattered at the roots resulted in the death of the 

 plants. 



Britton (W. E.). Outbreali of the Army Worm, Heliophila unipuncta, 

 Haw. — Rept. Connecticut Agric. Exjit. Sta., 1914, New Haven, 

 1915, pp. 1.57-173. 



During July 1914, numerous serious outbreaks of Cirphis {Helio- 

 phila) unipuncta occurred in Connecticut, especially in fields of oats. 

 In one of the fields visited by the author the bare stalks only w^ere left. 

 Birds, especially starhngs, bar swallows and Enghsh sparrows, were 

 abundant and were apparently eating the caterpillars. Of those 

 examined, 40 per cent, had Tachinid eggs attached to them. Clusters 

 of Hymenopterous cocoons were present in abundance and dead and 

 diseased individuals were found, having been attacked by a " wilt " 

 disease. In other locahties millet, maize and melons were attacked. 

 The outbreak w^as not confined to Connecticut, but extended through 

 the North-eastern States as far as the Mississippi, being especially 

 severe in Long Island, Maryland and Michigan. Numerous records 

 of previous outbreaks are given. The chief damage is done to gramina- 

 ceous crops. Two other kinds of army worms are known, Meliana 

 {Heliophila) albilinea, Hb., which attacks and eats off the heads of 

 grain at the time of ripening, and Laphygma frugiperda, the fall army 

 worm, appearing in September and eating grass, millet, maize, 



