371 



•etc. Although a native of America, the array worm is also knowit in 

 many parts of the world. In North America it occurs usually in the 

 Atlantic States, and though it is seldom injurious in the southern 

 ■ones, it has been known to cause damage as far west as Kansas and 

 Nebraska. In one locahty, Agrotis unicolor, Wlk. {Noctua clandeslina) 

 was found accompanying the army worm, feeding on the same plants 

 and doing the same kind of damage. The natural enemies include 

 domestic fowls, birds, toads and frogs, skunks, certain ground beetles, 

 Calosorna scrutator, C. calidinn, C. ivillcoxi, C. externum and C .frigidum, 

 probably also the European species C. sgcophanta, and some Penta- 

 TOMIDAE. An important parasite of this pest hWinthemia quadripus- 

 ttdata, the red-tailed fly. Goniomima {Belvosia) unifasciata, another 

 Tachinid, has been reared from eggs found on the caterpillars. Hymen- 

 opterous parasites include the Ichneumons, Ambhjteles suturalis, Say, 

 A. flavizonatus. Cress., Ophion irurgatus, Say, Apanteles militaris, A. 

 congregatus, and the Chalcids, HalticheUa perpulchra, Glyphe viridescens 

 and Spilochalcis (Smicra) albifrons. A. militaris is probably the most 

 important of these, at least in Connecticut. The " wilt " disease is 

 apparently caused by bacteria. From a study of former outbreaks, 

 it seems that serious damage seldom occurs for two consecutive seasons 

 in the same locahty. In small infestations domestic fowls may be 

 utilised to eat the caterpillars. It is often possible to take advantage 

 of existing walls, roads or ditches, or if these are wanting, to plough 

 deep furrows across the hue of march. The furrows should be 6 inches 

 deep, and perpendicular on the side opposite the approach of the 

 larvae. The latter wall collect in deep holes in the bottom of the 

 furrow and can be killed \^dth kerosene or by crushing. The cater- 

 pillars may be deflected from their course by asphaltum oil, kerosene, 

 or some heavier petroleum oil, sprinkled along the ground. Poisoned 

 bait, made of bran mash, molasses and water, with white arsenic or 

 Paris green, is useful. Grain or grass may be sprayed mth Paris green 

 or lead arsenate (6 lb. of paste, or 3 lb. dry, in 50 U.S. gals, of water) 

 to kill the advancing caterpillars. Autumn ploughing is advisable 

 for the control of army worms ; thorough harroAnng of badly infested 

 fields will destroy many larvae and pupae by crushing and by bringing 

 them to the surface where birds can eat them. Grain, if nearly ready 

 to cut when first attacked, may be saved by prompt harvesting and 

 carting to a field not infested. 



AValden (B. H.). Experiments in controlling the White Pine Weevil. 



Rept. Connecticut Agric. Expt. Sta., 1914, New Haven, 1915, 

 pp. 173-176, 1 plate. 



The only remedy at present known for the control of the white pine 

 weevil {Ptssodesstrobi), is to cut of! infested leaders in early July, before 

 the adults emerge, and either burn them, or store in such receptacles 

 as will prevent the escape of the adults while allowing that of any 

 parasites. The adults hibernate in winter, appearing on the leaders 

 in spring, where they feed before egg-laying. Tests in spraying the 

 leaders at this period with Ume-sulphur and lead arsenate have had 

 no definite results. Dr. E. P. Felt recommends the use of a net about 

 15 inches in diameter for the collection of the weev-ils. Collection 

 should begin in April and continue for several weeks. 



(C172) C2 



