390 



various insect pests of cabbage is given. Phyllotreta atra and Phyllo- 

 treki nemonmi are the two species of Phyllotreta more commonly found 

 in Russia ; against them, dusting early in the morning, when the 

 plants are still covered with dew, with basic slag and Paris green (100 lb. 

 of slag and 1-2 lb. of green) and spraying w^ith Paris green (| lb. of 

 green, 1 lb. of hme in about 45 gallons of water, adding paste 

 prepared from 4 lb. of rye-flour) are recommended. The adults of 

 Cevthorrhynchus suIcicolUs winter in the earth and appear early in 

 spring,' the fefnales- ovipositing in holes made with their proboscis in 

 the stems and petioles of the leaves. The larvae penetrate into the 

 core, passing four weeks in the swellings they form, when they emerge 

 and pupate in the earth. Spraying with Paris gi-een is only partially 

 effective, as the larvae remain inside the stem ; better results are 

 obtained by shallow reploughing in autunm before the frosts, after 

 the deep ploughing and harrowing. Hand collection of the larvae is 

 carried out by surrounding the plants with a piece of paper with a 

 hole in the middle, enclosing the stem, and shaking the larvae 

 on to it. For the control of Chortophila (Anthomyia) hrassicae, the 

 author has successfully used the following method : — As the eggs are 

 laid on the stem near the surface of the soil and the larvae hatch in 

 ten days, ten days after the transplanting of the cabbages the upper 

 layer of earth to a depth of half an inch round the stem is removed, 

 and this spot powdered with caustic lime. The process may be 

 repeated ten days later, by which time, the cabbages will have so far 

 developed as to make the attacks of the larvae harmless. Against 

 Pieris hrassicae. fumigation was used with fair success ; birch tar 

 and petrol with wood shavings, or better, straw waste, etc., being used 

 to obtain smoke ; notwithstanding the fimiigation, some of the females 

 succeeded in ovipositing and the crushing of the eggs, the hand-picking 

 of the larvae and spraying Avith Paris green, are the further remedies 

 recommended. Against Barathra, {Mamestra) hrassicae, the collection 

 and destruction of the eggs and larvae, powdering with basic slag and 

 slaked lime against the larvae and reploughing the fields before the 

 arrival of frosts to destroy the pupae, are recommended. Against 

 Phdella macvlipennis (cruciferarum), more or less success can be 

 obtained by destroying the eggs, spraying with Paris green and by 

 the use of trap crops of rape. 



EoGoziN (S.). npeHMyiMecTBax'b MbiiubflKOBHCToii msbbctm nepeA-b 

 BCtMM flpyrmviM MHCeKTMCMflaiVIM. [On the iidvantages of calcic- 

 arsenite in comparison with all other insecticides.] — « fl/lOflO- 

 BOACTBO.» {Fruit-Growing], Petrograd, February 1915, no. 2, 

 pp. 80-93. 



The author advocates the use of calcic arsenite for spraying fruit 

 trees [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, iii, p. 20] and gives the folloAving recipes 

 for the preparation of this insecticide : — 1 lb. of wdiite arsenic and 

 4 lb. of soda are boiled in about 3 gallons of water in a copper boiler 

 till the whole of the arsenic is dissolved ; about 5 lb. of quickhme is 

 then gradually added in small lumps so as to prevent excessive boiling 

 and bubbhng of the mixture ; when the whole of the lime is added, 

 the boiler is again put on the fire and allowed to boil slightly for 

 one hour ; one-sixtieth part of the whole volume is dissolved in about 



