392 



shaking of the caterpillars from the trees, the collection of the pupae 

 and adults, the digging of trenches of various dimensions, m order 

 to prevent the caterpillars from invading still uninfested pine-planta- 

 tions ; the infection of the caterpillars with fungus diseases ; the 

 spraying of the trees with Paris green ; and lastly sticky belts, the kind 

 of adhesive mostly apphed in the forests consisting of birch tar with a 

 mixture of tallow. Trap belts are recommended as the safest and 

 least expensive remedy, but it is important that they should be put on 

 in time. The best adhesive for them is tanglefoot. As regards natural 

 enemies of D. pini, the eggs and caterpillars are devoured by many 

 birds, frogs, hedgehogs, bats and by nearly all species of Carabidae ; 

 the imagines are caught by goat- suckers and owls. Further par- 

 ticulars of useful birds and their protection are given. 



Kapper (0.). nocntACTBiflxii noBpemfleHiH Jitca MOHaujeHKoii. 



[On the results of damage to forests by Lyniantria monacha, L.]— 

 « JItCHOit }KypHaJl"b.» [Forestry Journal], Petrogr ad, xUv, 1914, 

 no. 8, pp. 1214-1219. 



The author discusses the question whether it is necessary to fell all 

 trees after they have been injured by Lymantria (Ocneria) monacha. 

 He concludes that forests, so damaged, must be divided into areas 

 according to the degree of injury done. The most injured area must 

 be cut during the first winter. Next year, should the second area not 

 recover in accordance with expectations, it must be felled as well. 

 Whether a forest must be felled or not depends on the locality, the 

 density of the plantation and on the kind of wood. A forest on an 

 elevated spot can recover, if one-third of the needles remain and in a 

 low-lying locality, if one-fourth of them survive. Firs suffer more 

 than pines from L. 7nonacha. A forest injured by this pest and cut 

 down not later than the 1st July of the next year, does not lose its 

 value as timber, the durability of which is, if anything, increased. 



Krainsky (S.). BpeAMTe/iH caAOBOACTBa m n/itpbi 6opb6bi Cb hmmh bi 

 KieBCKOil ryfiepHiw. [Pests of Horticulture and methods of 

 controlling them in the govt, of Kiev.]— « CaAOBOAl) M OropOA- 



HMKli.}) [Horticvlture & the Market-Gardener'], 1914, ii, no. 18, 

 pp. 329^339, no. 19, pp. 358-361, no. 20-21, pp. 379-385, no. 22, 

 pp. 407-412, no. 23, pp. 423-430, no. 24-25, pp. 436-458. 



This work gives an account of insect pests in the government of 

 Kiev. It is stated that up to 1907 the population had no idea of the 

 value of spraying and that only in a few of the largest privately-owned 

 orchards were sprayers utihsed. The necessity arose of organising 

 bodies of ofhcial horticulturists who would, by carrying out work 

 in the peasant orchards, assist in the spread of accurate knowledge 

 amongst the population as to measures against pests. The existence 

 of these bodies travelling round the country made it possible to obtain 

 records of the pests concerned. In 1907, Malacosoma neustria, Aporia 

 crataegi, Anthonomus ponwrum, Pteronus ribesii {Nemahis ventricosus) 

 and Aphis pomi (mali) were the most injurious pests in orchards, and 

 to a less degree, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria dispar, Vanessa 



