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both the vine blossom and grapes. Melolontha melolontha was 

 also abundant during 1912-1914, attacking vines and maize ; 

 these attacks frequently occurred after the vineyards or fields 

 were cleared of weeds frequented by the pest. Eriosoma (Schizoneura) 

 lanigerum, Hausm., was discovered in 1914 in many new places. 

 The south-western corner, the district of Izmail, along the Rumanian 

 frontier is the most affected, and it is thought that the pest 

 has invaded Bessarabia from Rumania. Spraying is recommended 

 late in autumn, in winter, or early in spring, with a 7-8 per cent, 

 solution of kerosene emulsion in warm water, to which soft soap is 

 added in the proportion of about half an oimce for each pomid of 

 kerosene. This spray cannot be used after the middle of May, as the 

 leaves may be scorched, and if undertaken in the first half of May, not 

 more than 4 per cent, of kerosene must be used. If the trees have 

 been infested for a long time and the aphids have already established 

 themselves on the roots or base of the trunk, the latter, as well as the 

 thicker roots, must be uncovered and watered with 4 per cent, solution 

 of potassium sulphocarbonate in water, using 8-11 gallons of the 

 solution for each tree ; after this, the roots are again covered, the 

 earth is trodden down and another 2-7 gallons of the solution poured 

 on it. The sulphocarbonate may be replaced with milk of lime, with 

 which the trees can also be sprayed in the absence of kerosene. The 

 fruit-growing districts of Bessarabia suffer also from various species 

 of CocciDAE, such as Aspidiotus ostreaeformis, Curt., Eulecanium 

 (Lecanium) cemsi, Lepidosaphes ulmi, L., {Mytilaspis pomormn, 

 Bouclie), etc. A. ostreaeformis winters on the bark of the trmik 

 and branches, partly in the larval stage and partly more or 

 less mature females, which are all viviparous. E. cerasi winters, in 

 the larval stage, on branches near the wintering buds and also on 

 fallen leaves, from which it migrates in spring to the trees. L. ulmi 

 winters on the bark of the trunks and branches in the egg stage, covered 

 with the shield of the mother. As remedies against these pests, the 

 author suggests spraying with a mixture of sulphur and lime, which 

 can be prepared in either of the following ways : — (1). 10 lb. of lime 

 is slaked in l|-2 gals, of hot water in a wooden barrel and 10 lb. of 

 flowers of sulphur is then gradually added and the whole stirred up 

 till a homogeneous yellowish-grey substance is obtained ; 4|-5 gals, 

 of cold water is then added and stirred for five minutes, after which 

 more cold water to make up a total of 27 gallons of water is gradually 

 added, stirring the while : this mixture must be applied early in 

 spring before the mifolding of the buds ; where leaves have already 

 formed on the tree, it must be diluted by adding another 27-30 gallons 

 of water. (2). The slaking of the lime and the addition of the sulphur 

 is done as above, but in an iron pot or some suitable clay vessel, after 

 which 3-4 gallons of hot water is added and the whole boiled on the 

 fire for about one hour, when it turns an amber-yellow colour ; when 

 the liquid has cooled down, it is strained into a wooden barrel, containing 

 some 3-4 gallons of cold water, stirring all the time, and then more 

 cold water to a total of 27 gallons is added ; the liquid prepared in 

 this way is more drastic in its action than the other and can be only 

 applied to trees without leaves. California mixture is prepared in 

 the same way, but the 3 or 4 gallons of water added after the mixing 

 of the sulphur and lime contain 10 lb. of ordinary salt dissolved in it. 



