402 



destroyed, while the plums in neighbouring ones frequently remained 

 untouched ; Hoj)locam2m testvdinea, Klg., and Cephus 'pygniaeus, L. 



Coleojitera : Sitodrepa panicea, L., common in stored goods ; fumi- 

 gation with carbon bisulphide gave good results against it ; Lytta 

 vesicatoria, L., common everywhere, injuring leaves of ash trees ; 

 Lenm mekmopa, L., on oats, wheat and barley in several districts, 

 the eggs of the second generation being heavily infested with parasites ; 

 Haltica erucae, Oliv., H. oleracea, L. ; Cassida nebulosa, L. ; Briichus 

 pisorum, L., {Laria pisi, L.) ; Sciaphobus squalidus, Gyll ; Bothyno- 

 deres {Cleomis) pimctiventris, Germ. ; Pissodes notatus, L., on 2-3 

 year old plantations of pines ; the removal and destruction of the 

 damaged trees seems to be the only remedy ; Anthonomus pmnorum, 

 L. ; Apion apricans, Hbst., on lucerne and clover, with two other 

 species of Apion ; Rhynchites pauxillus, Germ., R. giganteus, Kryn., 

 R. hacchus, L. ; R. cupreus, L., Byctiscus behdae, L., {R. betuleti, F.) ; 

 on plums ; Lethrus apterus, Laxm. ; Afnphimallus solstitialis, L., which 

 was j)reyed upon by Ckirabus cancellatus, Illig., and C. scabriuscidus, 

 Oliv. ; MeJoloyitha meJolofitha, L., and M. hippocastani, F. ; watering 

 the loose soil with a solution of Paris green in ammonia (azurgreen) 

 proved very effective against the larvae, bat strawberries suffered from 

 scorching caused by this insecticide ; Ckirabus cancellatus, Illig., has 

 been observed to attack the adults ; Anisoplia austriaca, Herbst ; 

 A. cyafkigera, Scop., {crucifera, Herbsc) ; Pentodon idiota, Herbst ; 

 Epicomet'is {Tropinota) hirta, Poda. 



Lepidoptera : Tinea, granella, L., was discovered in stores of 

 biscuits and was almost entirely destroyed by disinfecting with carbon 

 bisulphide ; Lithocolletis populifoliella, F., injured poplar trees, 

 especially Popnlus siiaveolens, Fisch., while silver poplar {Populus 

 cdba) was injured to a less degree, being particularly attacked by the 

 second generation ; willows were also attacked, but in the majority 

 of cases the caterpillars died on these trees without attaining their 

 full growth ; according to B. S. Valch, the imagines winter in cracks 

 of the bark, therefore smearing the trees with lime in late autumn or 

 early spring may prove an effective remedy against them ; Hypono- 

 meuta malinelkis, ZelL, did great damage in some localities. Ageniaspis 

 fnscicoUis, Hal., was specially noticeable among its parasites, which 

 included also Tachinids, but the larvae of the latter were themselves 

 attacked by a hyperparasite, Chalcis femoraria, L. ; Hyponomeuta 

 variabilis, Zell. was largely present on .black thorn in one district ; 

 Cydia ponwnella, L., occurred everywhere ; Cydia {Grapholitha) 

 fvnebrana, Tr. ; Eucosma {Grapholitha) ocellana, F., was injurious to 

 young buds and leaves of apple trees early in May in some localities ; 

 Rhyacionia, {Retinia) buoliana, Schiff., damaged young pine plantations 

 in the Zmievsk district ; an enormous outbreak of Phlyctaenodes 

 {Eurycreon) sticticalis, L., caused damage estimated to exceed £50,000 ; 

 nearly all crops were attacked, but the caterpillars did not readily eat 

 potatoes, tomatoes or egg-plants and did not touch Solanum nigrum ; 

 Paris green gave good results, but carbolic emulsion destroyed not 

 only the caterpillars, but also the leaves of cabbage, while the results 

 obtained with barium chloride were conflicting ; the second generation 

 of the caterpillars failed to develop, which is attributed to the rainy 

 weather ; a certain number of caterpillars of the first generation did not 

 pupate, but remained in a state of diapuse over the winter [see this 



