408 



in the summer of 1914, it was noted that a mole run passed beneath 

 the infested red currant bushes. Infested cabbage and turnip planta- 

 tions had the same burrows. The animal had moved in practically a 

 direct line from plant to plant at an average depth of from 3 to 

 6 inches. The burrows had a definite relation to the presence of the 

 larvae. The results of White's recent study of the food of Talpa 

 evropea (the European mole) are ciuoted [see this Review, Ser. A, ii, 

 p. 706]. It is considered probable that the mole does more good than 

 harm, unless present in exceptional numbers. 



Palmer (E. F.). The Cherry in Ontario. — Ontario DejH. Agric, Toronto, 

 Out. Bull. 230, March 1915, 40 pp., 16 figs. 



Two species of cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata and R. fausta, 

 appear in the adult stage early in June, and feed on the leaves 

 and juice of the ripe fruit. Eggs are laid under the skin of the cherry ; 

 the larvae feed on the fruit, and when mature, enter the soil to pupate. 

 The pupal stage lasts until the following June. A spray consisting 

 of 2-3 lb. lead arsenate paste to 40 gals, water, sweetened with 1 gal. 

 molasses, has been found effective. The first application should be 

 made at the beginning of June as soon as the flies appear, the second 

 from 10-12 days later. Conotrachelus ?ienuphar, the plum curculio, 

 deposits its eggs on the green cherry. The larva enters the fruit to 

 feed, and, when mature, pupates in the ground. The adult emerges in 

 from 3-4 weeks, feeding on apples, etc., until winter, when it hibernates 

 under grass or leaves. In spring, it emerges just before the fruit trees 

 bloom. All hibernating places should be removed before winter ; 

 spraying with lead arsenate in spring will usually control it. Eriocam- 

 poides limacina, the pear slug, frequently attacks the cherry. The 

 larvae, of which there are two broods annually, feed on the upper 

 surface of the leaves. The trees should be sprayed with lead arsenate, 

 2-3 lb. in 40 gals, water, unless the fruit is beginning to ripen. Dusting 

 with hellebore or air-slaked lime will destroy many of the larvae. 

 Aphids attacking young shoots can be controlled by spraying with 

 kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap or Black Leaf 40, before the buds 

 have burst. A brief account is given of the control of Aspidiotus 

 perniciosus, the San Jose scale. Sour cherries are subject to the attack 

 of Conotrachelus nenuphar. Spraying with a mixture of lime- sulphur 

 and lead arsenate has been found satisfactory. 



Brown (F. J.). Insect and Fungus Diseases of Fruit-Trees. — Agric. 

 Gaz. New South Wales, Sydney, xxvi, no. 3, March 1915, 

 pp. 265-266. 



One of the worst pests in apple orchards is Cydia pomonella., the 

 <iodling moth. The third brood usually remains through the winter 

 in the pupal stage. Spraying with lead arsenate is effective if carried 

 out from the sixth to eighth day of flowering ; after this time, the 

 calyx closes and spraying is useless. Young trees are frequently 

 attacked by the red mite, which hatches from eggs laid in clusters at 

 the junction of the branches with the stem, or in any broken part of 

 the bark ; lime-sulphur is the best spray. Eriosomn lanigerum (woolly 



