422 



at the beginning of April, migrates to the base of a bud. When the 

 latter opens, the leaves curl about the insect, and in the shelter so 

 formed, young are produced. This second generation is wingless, lives 

 within the curled leaves or on the young twigs, and matures in early 

 May. A third generation is produced, present upon elm leaves from 

 May to June ; this form is winged and migrates to apple or related 

 plants. It gives rise to a fourth wingless generation, which is the best 

 known form. Of the fifth generation, which is similar to the fourth, 

 some individuals migrate to the roots, others remain on the twigs. 

 The latter give rise to a sixth generation of winged forms about the 

 middle of September. This generation migrates to the elms, upon 

 which sexual forms are produced. The female, after pairing, deposits 

 her solitary egg in a crevice of the bark, where it passes the winter, 

 to hatch as a stem- mother in the following spring. A full account of 

 the anatomy of the various forms is also given. 



Nakayajvia (S.). Notes on the Life-History and Habits of the Rose 

 Scale, Aulacaspis rosae, Bouch6. — Jl. Entom. & Zool., Clarenwnt, 

 Col., vii, no. 1, March 1915, pp. 45-51, 2 plates. 



The rose scale is a common pest of blackberries, raspberries and 

 roses. The various stages in the life-history are described. Females, 

 which became adult in December 1912, began egg-laying in early 

 January 1913. The larval period lasted a month ; adults, developing 

 from the larvae, oviposited in April. The second generation of adults 

 reached maturity in June, many young females being destroyed by a 

 Hymenopterous parasite. Egg-laying by the females of the second 

 generation took place in July and the adults of the third generation 

 were observed in September. The fourth and last generation lasted 

 from October to late in December. The following enemies were 

 abundant in 1913 : — the Coccinellid beetles, Chilocorus bividnerus and 

 Scynmus marginicoUis, and a Hymenopterous parasite as yet un- 

 determined. 



(5 Sanders (J. G.). Control of the Onion Fly, a new Discovery that saves 

 the Crop. — The Country Gentleman, Philadelphia, Pa., 20th March 

 1915, pp. 40-41, 2 figs. [Received 14th June 1915.] 



The life-history of Hylemyia antiqua, the onion fly, is described. 

 The life-cycle occupies about 26 days, and two or three broods appear 

 during the season. The first brood causes the greatest damage on 

 account of the small size of the onion plants, and the small amount of 

 food available involves the migration of the larvae from plant to plant. 

 Among the older control methods are the use of carboUc soap emulsion, 

 sand soaked with kerosene or whitewash scattered between the rows, 

 and coal-tar products. Experiments were carried out to test the 

 effect of poisoned bait on the adult before the time of egg-laying. 

 A spray consisting of one-fifth of an ounce of sodium arsenate in 

 1 gal. of water, to which has been added 1 pint of molasses, proved 

 very effective. The spray should be applied in large drops ; alternate 

 strips of the field can be left, since the flies are strongly attracted by 

 the spray when freshly applied. It is advisable to apply the spray 

 at least tvnce a week during rainy weather. 



