437 



UvARov (B. p.). OnepKM no 6opb6t ci* capaHMeebiMM HactHowbiMM. 



[Essay on the campaign against locusts.] - « CeilbCKOe XoSflilCTBO 

 M Jl'bC0B0ACTB0.» [Journal of Agriculture & Forestry^ Pelrograd, 

 nos. 2 and 3, February and March 1915, pp. 266-281, 377-414. 



The most important locust in Russia is Locusla {Pachylylus) 

 migratoria, L., which is indigenous on the lower reaches of some South 

 Russian and Central Asian rivers. In recent years they infested the 

 deltas of the large rivers of the Black Sea, Danube, Dnieper, Don and 

 Kuban, but, for reasons which are not yet investigated, the outbreaks 

 have now ceased there and, although still commonly found, they 

 concentrate now along the rivers of the Caspian and Aral Seas, Volga, 

 Ural, Kuma, Terek, Araxes, Syr-Daria and Amu-Daria, etc. Another 

 species of importance is Dociostaurus (Stauronotus) maroccanus, Thunb., 

 which is abundant in the steppes of Turkestan, Transcaucasia and 

 North Caucasia ; in the last locality the pest has been reduced during 

 recent years by increased cultivation, only virgin and hard soil being 

 suitable for its oviposition. Calliptamus italicus, L.. is found in South 

 and Central Russia, everywhere in Asia, and in Caucasia, but its 

 importance as a pest is decreasing, for the same reasons as in the 

 •case of D. ynaroccanws. Other species of locusts found most 

 frequently in East Russia and in West Siberia, are : Arcyptera 

 Jlavicosta, Fisch., A. fusca, PaU., Gomphocerus sibiricus, L., and 

 Stauroderus scalaris, Fisch. {Stenobothrus morio, Brunn). The usual 

 methods of control are described. The biological method is referred 

 to as still requiring further investigation and the chemical method is 

 declared to be the most effective and profitable under present con- 

 ditions. 



KuRDiANi (S. Z.) & Iliinski (A. p.). Ma-b 6ionoriM ntTHfiro flySa. 

 [On the biology of summer-oak, Quercus pedunculata, Erch. 

 {Q. robur, L.).] -« CenbCKoe Xosahctbo M /1tC0B0ACTB0.» [Agri- 

 culture & Forestry], Petrograd, ccxlvii, no. 3, March 1915, 

 pp. 415-429, 3 figs. 



The authors describe their observations on the biology of oak trees, 

 conducted in Novo- Alexandria (government of Lublin), the object of 

 which was to investigate the adaptability of insects breeding on oaks 

 to the peculiarities of the two varieties of oak most commonly found 

 in European Russia — viz., Quercus peduncidata, Erch., var. praecox, 

 and Q. pedunculata v. tardijiora, Czern. The first of these is in leaf in 

 the middle of April, one to three weeks earlier than the second, the 

 leaves falling in autumn, while the other variety retains them until the 

 next spring. Owing to the war and the removal of the Institute of Novo- 

 Alexandria from that place, part of the collected material still remains 

 uninvestigated. On 23rd May, when the var. praecox had already 

 flowered, a large number of insects were found on it, such as caterpillars 

 of Cheimatobia hrumata, L., and Hibernia defoliarm, L.. which had 

 already defoliated the branches and were descending to the (^arth to 

 pupate ; those of Torlrix viridatui, L., a great majority of which had 

 already pupated ; pupae of Coleophora ; galls of the Cynipid, Ncuro- 

 terus baccarum, L., the insects having in the majority of cases already 

 left ; immature galls of Andricus cxirvator, Hartig, and clusters of 



