446 



of the dry slopes supports Aphids, locusts and beetles of great economic 

 importance. The thickets which bound these dry situations support 

 the majority of native pests of fruit trees and shrubs. 



The distribution of species inhabiting moist vegetation is represented 

 by the greater part of the United States and Southern Canada. The 

 species occupying higher and drier ground were not distributed essen- 

 tially in a different way from the above. The native pests of fruit- 

 bearing trees and shrubs were confined to the deciduous forest area 

 and the moist prairie area. The original centre of distribution and 

 abundance of native pests may be considered as lying within the 

 prairie area. With the clearing of land, the habitats of the pests 

 were expanded to cover the agricultural lands. 



Herrick (G. W.). Additional Data concerning the Control of the 

 Fruit-Tree Leaf-Roller in New York. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Conc&rd, 

 vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 180-186. 



During the past three years, Archips argyrospUa, the fruit-tree 

 leaf -roller, has been abundant in New York State. A series of 

 experiments, conducted in 1912, in an attempt to control this pest, 

 had discouraging results ; on account of the long period of egg-hatching, 

 it seemed impossible to poison the larvae before they became hidden. 

 In 1913, miscible oil sprays were used in a badly infested orchard. 

 The oils were first applied on 2nd and 3rd April. On 13th May, it 

 was found that 76 per cent, of the eggs had been destroyed, while the 

 trees suffered no apparent injury from the oil. In 1914, a more 

 extensive series of experiments was carried out. Three brands of 

 miscible oils were used, and an average of 90-4 per cent, of eggs was 

 destroyed. The oil-spray was supplemented by three apphcations of 

 lead arsenate at the time when the leaves and blossoms were unfolding. 

 In the discussion following the paper, Mr. W. Yothers stated that 

 in Florida injury by miscible oils could be attributed to the presence 

 of chemicals contained in the oil. In Colorado, arsenical sprays alone 

 had been found quite useless, but miscible oils gave excellent results. 



Cory (E. N.). Preliminary Report on the Woolly Aphis.— JL Econ. 

 Eniom., Concord, vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 186-190. 



Experiments on the control of the woolly aphis {Eriosoma lanigerum) 

 were begun in 1908 and have followed two main lines, viz., treatment 

 of the soil with dust applications and spraying the tops and soil about 

 the roots. This paper deals only with the results obtained in orchard 

 work. Of all the insecticides used, electro pine tar creosote showed 

 the greatest power of killing aphids, had a strong repellant action and 

 retained its penetrating odour in the soil. Further, it had a stimulating 

 effect on diseased tissues and emulsified readily. A symbiotic relation 

 exists between the aphids and Lasius (Acanthomyops) inter jectus ; the 

 latter has a congregating habit, of which it may be possible to take 

 advantage in controlling the ant. Creosote acted as a repellent for 

 the ant. Paradise stocks showed some degree of immunity to attack 

 by the root forms of the woolly aphis. 



