451 



mainly confined to sandy, wild or semi-wild areas, though, in some 

 •cases, fields of grain were invaded. A demonstration of the use of 

 Kansas bait was given by the entomologist in a badly infested oat-field. 

 The bait was distributed thinly over a wide area and observations 

 showed that many grasshoppers began to feed on it within 3 to 5 minutes. 

 At the end of 10 days the destruction approached 99 per cent. The 

 cost of materials was estimated at Ghd. per acre. Criddle mixture was 

 used by some farmers with almost equally good results. The sweetened 

 bran is attractive to domestic animals ; they should be prevented 

 from gaining access to containers used for mixing the material. An 

 almost complete immunity from grasshopper injury should follow one 

 application. 



Newell (W.). Notes on the Insect Enemies of Sudan Grass. — 

 Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 230-234. 



Andropogon sorghum, Sudan grass, which has become an important 

 forage crop in Texas, is attacked by insects which are well known on 

 other crops. Contarinia (Diplosis) sorghicola, the sorghum midge, 

 renders seed production impossible in heavily infested sections. The 

 midge is essentially an insect found in localities with a hea^y annual 

 rainfall. The greater the rainfall during spring and early summer, the 

 greater is the damage done. The only remedial measures are clean 

 harvesting, the complete destruction of Johnson grass, a favourite 

 host plant of the midge, and the fumigation of seed to kill hibernating 

 larvae. Pentatoma ligata, attacking all members of the sorghum 

 family, will doubtless prove a serious obstacle to the cultivation of 

 Sudan grass in semi-arid regions. The method of hibernation in piles 

 of wood, etc., suggests, as a remedial measure, the early deep ploughing 

 of infested fields. The destruction of mesquite trees in the vicinity 

 of infested fields is recommended. Sitotroga cerealella, the Angoumois 

 grain moth, attacks the seeds of Sudan grass both in the field and in 

 storage. Fumigation with carbon bisulphide destroys large numbers 

 and at the same time does not hinder the germination of the seeds. 

 This crop is also subject to attack by grasshoppers, army worms, etc. 



Hunter (S. J.). Some Economic Results of the Year.--JZ. Econ. 

 Entom., Concord, vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 234-238. 



The effect of intermittent seasonal spra}Ting was tested in an orchard 

 which had been successfully sprayed for three preceding years. During 

 this time the orchard had shown less than 5 per cent, injury by insects 

 and fungi. In 1914, spraying was not performed, and during July- 

 September counts were made of the fruit dropped and the cause of the 

 fall ascertained. The results showed that 1-5 per cent, of the apples 

 were marketable ; the remaining 98-5 per cent, had been checked in 

 their growth, the chief source of injury being the codling moth {Cgdia 

 pomonella). Annual spraying is thus essential for the production of 

 a good crop. 

 (C180) «J i 



