458 



YoTHERS (W. W.). Cotton Seed Oil as a Substitute for Wliale Oil Soap. 



—Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 298-299. 



The following formula has been adopted for the preparation of 

 cotton-seed oil soap : 2 qts. cotton-seed oil, 6 oz. caustic potash, 

 1 qt. water. The potash is dissolved in water and heated until boiling ; 

 the oil is then added, and the whole boiled and stirred for a few minutes. 

 The product contains 63-7 per cent, of oil, 31-8 of water and about 

 6 per cent, of potash ; it has the same consistency as fish-oil soap. 



Sherman, Jr. (F.). Rearing of Moths and Tachinid Flies from Larvae 

 and Pupae of Army-Worm in North Carolina in 1914.^ 



Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, pp. 299-302, 1 table. 



The rearing of Tachinid flies from Cirphis (Heliophila) unipuncta 

 was begun in July 1914. The parasitised caterpillars were placed in 

 cages containing from 1 to 3 inches of moist earth and fresh grass was 

 supplied. From 534 army worms, showing 1,313 parasites, 18 adult 

 moths and 296 parasitic flies were reared, these representing 220 

 Wintheniia quadripusttikita, 47 Phorocera claripennis, 4 Goniomyia 

 unifasciata and 25 unidentified flies. The larvae of W . quadripustidata 

 left the dead larval host and went deeper into the soil to pupate. 

 In no case where this fly issued did the host form a pupa. In cases 

 where G. unifasciata was reared, the host pupated and ihe parasite 

 emerged from the pupa. The mortality among the flies was less 

 where there were two or more per host larva than where only one was 

 present. This suggests that where there are only one or two eggs per 

 host the latter may have sufficient vitality to prevent the development 

 of the parasitic larva inside the host. From army- worm pupae, Architas 

 analis was reared in addition to the above species. Braconid and 

 Ichneumonid parasites were noted or reared from a very small 

 percentage of army- worms. Several predaceous enemies were noted 

 in the field, but in no case were they numerous enough to be an 

 important factor. 



WooDWORTH (C. W.) . Relative Size in Fumigation. — Jl. Econ. Entom. y 

 Concord, vii, no. 2, April 1915, pp. 303-304. 



The measurements now always taken in obtaining the size of 

 fumigation tents are the distance over the top and the circumference. 

 Most tables now in use are incorrectly calculated, because equal values 

 have been given to both dimensions. It will be evident at once that 

 the distance over the top is changed with an alteration either in the 

 height or the diameter of the tree, and that therefore it is the more 

 important of the two. The possibihty of adding to this dimension, 

 an amount dependent on the difference between the two measurements 

 which will indicate the proportionate size of a tent, gives a new and 

 very convenient and accurate method of estimating a tree for dosage. 

 This the author calls the " relative size " of the tent. If the proportions 

 of a tent remained constant, the distance over could then be taken 

 as the relative size. Since the circumference always equals or exceeds 

 the distance over the top, a tent with these two measurements equal 

 may be taken as a standard. The amount to be added to this to allow 



