463 



three months. Of the few natural enemies of T. pyri, the most 

 important is the Anthocorid bug, Triphleps insidiosus. Others are 

 Ohrysopid and Syrphid larvae, the Coccinelhds, Scymnus ater and 

 Megilla maculata, the Staphylinid, Gyro])haena manca, and Anapho- 

 thrips striatus. An Emp\isa fungus has been discovered on a species 

 of thrips in the larval, adult and pupal stages. 



BuscK (A). Gracilaria azaleae, Busck, = G. zachrysa, Meyrick. — 

 Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D.C., iii, nos. 1-4, 

 January — April 1915, pp. 42-43. 



Gracilaria zachrysa has been recently imported from Asia into Europe 

 and thence into America, having been introduced into the latter 

 country on an imported Azalea. The species was discovered in Holland 

 in 191:2 on plants of A. indica ; serious damage is caused by the larva, 

 which first mines, and then rolls, the leaf. It is possible that this species 

 may reach America directly from Japan and, in time, be considered 

 indigenous, as it is closely related to an American group of the genus. 

 An earlier synonym of this species is G. azaleella, Brants, (1913). 



Knab (F.). Two New Species of Pipunctilus (Diptera ; Pipunculidae). 

 — Proc. Bio. Soc, Washington, xxviii, 13th April 1915, pp. 83-86, 

 1 plate. 



Two new species are described, Pipuncidus industrius and P. vaga- 

 bimdus, reared during investigations conducted by Professor H. H. 

 Severin, from sugar-beet leaf-hoppers parasitised by the larvae. 



Rau (P.). Duration of Pupal and Adult Stages of the Meal Worm, 



Tenebrio obscurus, Linn. (Coleop.). — Entom. News, Philadelphia, 

 xxvi, no. 4, April 1915, pp. 154-157, 4 tables. 



The duration of the pupal stage of Tenebrio obscurus is stated to 

 vary from 4 to 24 days, with an average of 15 days ; the adult stage 

 varies from 10 to 55 days, with an average of 24 days. The food of 

 both larvae and adults consists of barley, oatmeal, seeds, rice, etc. 

 Eggs are deposited in early summer ; in August, the larvae are full- 

 grown, but continue to feed until March, when they pupate. 



Bkaun (A. F.). Life History of Menesta albacilielh. Chambers (Lep.). 

 — Entom. News, Philadelphia, xxvi, no. 4, April 1915, pp. 160- 

 161, 1 fig. 



Menesta olbiciliella, Chamb., feeds in the larval stages on the leaves 

 of the blackberry. A web of silk is spun on the under-surface of the 

 leaf between the midrib and a lateral vein, beneath which the larva 

 feeds. At maturity, the web is thickened and serves to protect the 

 pupa. Adults appear in July. A second generation, produced late 

 in the summer, gives rise to adults in the follo\\'ing spring. 



