475 



ponionellu (the codlin<i; moth), Oligia {Hadena) fradilinea, (Irote (the 

 lined corn borer), Tinea granella, L., (the European grain moth or 

 wolf moth), GracUaria Zachrysa, Meyr. {azaleae, Biisck) (the azalea 

 leaf skeletonizer), Argyresthia thuiella, Pack., and llonida opuntiae, 

 Felt, (the cactus midge). Species of Opuntia may be injured by the 

 deep red larvae of the cactus midge and most seriously affected by a 

 bacterial or fungus disease which gains access to the inner tissues 

 through the injuries. This fungus or bacterium is most destructive, but 

 its spread is apparently dependent, so far as cacti are concerned, upon 

 the work of the midge larvae. /. opuntiae may prove of value as an 

 agent of destruction of the prickly pear [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 

 126]. 



High (M. M.). The Huisache Girdler.— Z7. >S. Depl. Agric, Washington, 

 D.C., Bull. no. 184, 8th April 1915, 9 pp., 4 plates, 2 tables. 



Oncideres putator, the huisache girdler, is a dangerous pest and has 

 been recorded from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico. It 

 attacks Acacia farnesiana, A. berlandieri, Prosopis glandnlosa and 

 Mimosa lindheimeri. Damage is caused by the severing of the smaller 

 branches by the adult for the purpose of oviposition. The adults 

 emerge from the pupal cavities from September to November. Eggs 

 are deposited in cavities, which have been prepared by the female 

 in the bark of the tree. In the allied species, 0. cingidaia and 0. 

 texana, these cavities are sealed by a waxy secretion. The rate of 

 growth of the larva is more rapid when there is sufficient moisture 

 to permit constant feeding. The duration of the larval period within 

 the branch is about 42 weeks ; when ready to pupate, a hole is bored 

 through the bark for the emergence of the adult. The pupal stage 

 lasts four weeks. There is one generation each year, about 12 months 

 being required for the life-cycle. The following natural enemies have 

 been recorded : The Chalcids, Chryseida iiwpinata and Euryioma sp., 

 and the Braconids, Caenophanes sp. and Meteor us sp., are parasitic 

 on the eggs and larvae, while the birds, Dryohates pubescens and D. 

 scalaris bairdi destroy the larvae. The egg, larval and pupal stages 

 can be artificially controlled by burning the branches attacked, from 

 the first week in January to August. Hand collection of the beetles 

 may be employed if only a few trees are attacked. 



Brooks (F. E.) & Blakeslee (E. B.). Studies of the Codling Moth 

 in the Central Appalachian Region. — U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington, 

 B.C., Bull. no. 189, 12th April 1915, 49 pp., 23 figs., 1 plate, 

 42 tables. 



This paper is based upon experiments with bands against Cydiapomo- 

 nella, conducted in 1911, 1912 and 1913, in several different localities 

 in Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland, including a variation in lati- 

 tude of about 1° 40' and in altitude of about 3,100 feet. Suitable apple 

 trees were banded with strips of burlap, and the larvae found beneath 

 the bands were collected and reared in jars, kept in the localities where 

 they were found. Examinations of the bands and rearing jars were 

 made every week or ten days in 1911, and twice weekly hi 1912 and 

 1913. In the regions mentioned, Cydia pomonella produces a full 

 brood of larvae and a partial second one, the size of which depends 



