476 



more or less on the latitude and altitude of the locality. There was 

 a marked difference in the time of appearance of the different broods 

 in different localities. There seems, however, to be no constant rate 

 of difference between the earlier and later localities, largely owing to 

 the response of the insect during its metamorphis to local and transient 

 weather conditions. In the localities of different altitude, there is a 

 greater difference in the time of the regular periodical changes of the 

 insect that occur late in the season than of those that occur early, 

 which may be due to the cumulative retarding effect of the more 

 frequent unfavourable weather conditions at the higher elevation. 

 The records indicate that 41 "49 per cent, of the larvae drop to the 

 ground and then ascend the trunk to pupate, and 58 "51 per cent, 

 crawl down the branches from the infested fruit to pupate. A con- 

 siderable loss, due to cannibalism, occurs when a collection of larvae 

 is confined in one jar, and it is probable that the weaker larvae are 

 sometimes devoured by their fellows under normal conditions. The 

 ants, Solenopsis molesta, Say, and Lasius niger, L., var. americana, 

 Emery, were found in several localities devouring codling-moth 

 larvae. Larvae and adults of the beetle, Tenebroides corticalis, 

 Melsh., were frequently found feeding on them. Six species of 

 Hymenopterous and one of Dipterous parasites were reared. Of these, 

 the most destructive were the Braconid, Ascogasfer carpocapsae, Vier., 

 and the Ichneumonid, Pimpla {Itoplectis) marginatus, Prov. Hair- 

 worm parasites, Mennis sp., were abmidant in one locahty and very 

 materially reduced the number of wintering larvae in 1911. 



Jones (T. H.). Insects affecting vegetable crops in Porto Rico. — U.S. 

 Dept. Agric, Washington, D.C., Bull. no. 192, 8th April 1915, 

 11 pp., 4 plates. 



Among Thysanoptera and Hemiptera, the following are the most 

 important pests of vegetable crops : Thrips tabaci on onions ; Pere- 

 gmius maiclis, Eutettix tenella, Empoasca mali and Aphis gossypii on 

 cucumber. The last-named is attacked by a parasite, probably 

 Aphidius festaceipes, Cress. A ftmgus, AcrostaJagmus albus, attacks 

 various aphids and at least five species of Coccinellids feed upon them, 

 Aleurodes sp. has been observed on tomatoes. Saissetia hemisphaerica 

 and Hemichionaspis minor occur on egg-plant, and Atdacaspis [Diaspis) 

 pentagona on okra and pepper. Pseudococcus sp. has been found on 

 the roots of celery and maize. The Coreid bug, Spartocera batatas, 

 has been observed on the stalks and leaf petioles of the sweet potato, 

 and the Tingid, Corytlmca gossi/pU, breeds on the under sides of the 

 leaves of yautia, Canavalia ensiformis and Ricinus communis. Another 

 Coreid, Phthia pica, Drury, attacks tomato and Solanum nigrum.. 

 Corythaica 7nonacha has been observed on the leaves of the egg-plant. 

 The most injurious Orthopteron is Scapteriscus didactylus, which 

 destroys many vegetables by cutting oft' the plants at or just below 

 the surface of the soil. 



Among Coleoptera, the following have been observed : Diabrofica 

 bivittata, D. immba and D. graminea, the first two feeding on cucumber, 

 squash and melon, the last on the leaves of sugar-cane, maize, Spondias 

 lutea and Amaranthus spinosus. Cerofoma denticornis occurs on beans 



