477 



and cowpeas ; Epitrix cucumeris and Chaetocnema apricaria on egg- 

 plant and tomato ; Coptoajcla signifera, Euscepes {Cryptorhynchiis) 

 batatae and Ci/Ias formicorius on sweet potato. 



Of the Lepidoptera, Pieris monusle, the soutliern cabbage worm, 

 feeds on cabbage, radish, turnip, kale and nmstard ; Protoparce 

 {Phlegethontius) sexta occurs on tomato and tobacco ; Laphygma 

 friigiperda attack maize and onions. This species has several parasitic 

 enemies, including the Tachinids, Frontina archippivora, Gonia crassi- 

 cornis and Archytas piliventris, and the Chalcid, Chelonus insularis ; 

 while the Reduviid, 7jelus rubidus, and the Carabids, Calosoma aUernans 

 and Cymindis marginalis, are predaceous upon the larva. Chloridea 

 (Heliothis) obsoleta, the corn ear worm, is an important pest. Three 

 species of Noctuid moths have been recorded : Xylomyges eridania, 

 Prodenia ornithogaUi and Feltia annexa. Pachyzancla bipunctalis, the 

 beet worm, has been found feeding on garden beans, sword beans and 

 Amaranthus sp. ; Exorista pyste. Walk., a Tachinid parasite of the larva, 

 has been observed. P. periusalis feeds on the leaves of egg-plant and 

 Solanum torvum ; the larvae live at first as miners in the leaves, but 

 later web the leaves together. The larvae of Plulella maculipennis, the 

 diamond-back moth, are sometimes very abundant and destructive to 

 the leaves of cabbage. A single Hymenopteron, Solenopsis geminata, 

 on okra, and a Dipteron, Agromyza parvicornis, on maize, have been 

 observed. 



Afanasiev(A. p.). PyccKoe BMHorpaAapcTBO bt* l9l4roAy(l-MBereTa- 

 UiOHHblM nepioflli). [Russian viticulture in 1914 (The 1st vegeta- 

 tive period).]— « BtCTHHKli BMHOA^nifl.)) [Herald of Viticulture], 

 Odessa, nos. 1-2 & 3-4, January-April 1915, pp. 40-60, 92-125. 



The information on the general state of viticulture in Russia during 

 the first period of 1914 contained in this article, is a summary of local 

 correspondence from various places in 17 governments and provinces 

 comprising the vine-growing areas of S. Russia and the Caucasus. 

 Except for Phylloxera in Bessarabia and Transcaucasia, the season 

 under report was very favourable. The following are the facts as to 

 pes s from individual localities. 



In Bessarabia, the chief pests were : Phylloxera, Epiconietis {Tropi- 

 nota) hirta, Clysia ambiguella and Eriophyes {Phytoptus) vitis. In 

 Kishinev, large outbreaks occurred of Melolontha sp. and Lethrus 

 cephalotes Against these pests, holes about 6 inches deep were made 

 with a stick near their burrows in the morning, in which, in the after- 

 noon, the insects were trapped and destroyed. The governments of 

 Podolia and Ekaterinoslav were practically free from vine pests. In 

 the government of Cherson, in the districts bordering on Bessarabia, 

 serious damage was done by Lethrus cephalotes. In Taurida, along the 

 Dnieper, Polyphylla f'ullo, L., was noticed in one locality and was either 

 collected by hand during reploughiiig or destroyed by ducks. In the 

 Crimea, Eriophyes sp. and Otiorrhynchus sp. were reported ; the weevils 

 were collected from 8 to 12 p.m. with lanterns, or were collected during 

 the day under stones specially laid for this purpose. Ino ampelophaga 

 also occurred. A large outbreak of Curculionidae occurred near 

 Enikale. Near Bordiansk, Clysia ambiguella occurred in large num- 

 bers ; hand-picking the caterpillars proved very effective. Paris 



